48 pages • 1 hour read
Gary PaulsenA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
Russel sleeps for most of the next day and night, riding out the storm in his secure shelter with the dogs. Hunger eventually gets him up, and he eats his fill of fat and meat, using the lamp to warm up the food. He quicky breaks down the camp and wakes the reluctant dogs, still tired from their last run. He knows it is time to leave, “time to head north again to see the father of ice” (118). The team runs all day, leaving the hills behind for flatter land. Russel thinks they should eventually reach mountains after crossing sea ice, but he is not concerned with the details; he is embracing the journey, following Oogruk’s advice. Russel starts to feel the effects of snow blindness, wishing he had goggles or even some wood to make some. He does not let his irritated eyes slow him down. The dogs also don’t want to stop, so Russel lets them run through the night. He is now completely connected with the dogs; they obey him instantly and feel what he wants instinctively. In the first light of morning, Russel sees snowmachine tracks, heading north. The dogs follow the tracks and run steadily while Russel tries to remember, back to his one flight north, whether is there is a village in this direction. He can’t think of one, and even if there was one, these tracks are not from a hunting party since they are not near sea ice where seal hunters would be. Russel resents the intrusion of the snowmachine, a reminder of the outside world, but he would also like a pot to be able to melt snow, so he continues to follow the tracks. The dogs seem determined to follow the tracks without stopping and run through the second night. Russel hallucinates from tiredness, but the hallucinations recede, and the dream begins again—“But darker.”
The dream man is no longer in the joyful village: He is driving his dogs through slashing ice and wind, pushing them on in a fierce storm. Even though the dream dogs are exhausted and the sled is loaded with red meat, the man does not stop to let them rest; instead, he screams and whips the dogs to run on. Russel can feel the terror in the man, and he understands that the man is trying to get home with the red meat, back to the family unit in the tent. He had stayed too long in the village. The storm prevents their advance, blowing his dogs over, and no amount of whipping can keep them going. This part of the dream fades into snow and is replaced by another scene. The woman and two children from an earlier dream are in a tent with a flickering lamp. All three are thin and weak. The children look close to death, and Russel sees in the dream that they have eaten everything, even their leather mittens. The only thing remaining is the skin of the tent, but without a tent there is certain death. A storm rages outside the tent as the three weak humans wait for something, slowly dying of starvation.
The following dawn Russel comes across the snowmachine, abandoned and cold with nothing on it other than an empty plastic gas can. Small, childlike footprints lead away from the snowmachine, following tracks presumably made by the machine on its outward journey, before it turned around to head back to its origin. Russel urges his team on even though the dogs are tired and have run steadily for two days. He knows a storm is coming and wants to find the person before it hits. The dogs pick up the person’s scent, and despite the strengthening winds and driving snow, they continue to follow it. Eventually the dogs slow down, knowing that they must take shelter, but Russel drives them on, believing in their ability to find the person. The dogs come to a stop, refusing to move on, and Russel thinks that they are spent, unable to move on in the fierce storm. He staggers to the lead dog, intending to bring him around and to make the shelter, when he trips on a person curled up under the snow. Russel thinks the person must be dead, but he sees an arm move. Working fast in the face of strong winds and driving snow, Russel makes a shelter with the skins and his dogs.
The dogs form a “living screen,” curling into tight balls and that get covered with snow to create small igloos that keep them warm. Russel lights the lamp in his shelter and drags the person inside. He pushes the person’s parker hood back and is shocked to see it is a young woman—a “girl-woman.” As Russel tries to rouse her, he realizes that she is pregnant. The girl seems lifeless, but she is still breathing, so Russel keeps trying, putting small amounts of liquid fat into her mouth. Eventually she starts to stir, and Russel know the worst is to come; he knows the pain a person feels when coming back from a frozen state. He warms meat, ready to feed the girl, but his own state of exhaustion overwhelms him, and he slips into a dream-filled semi-sleep.
The dream picks back up with the man and his team after the storm has cleared. One of the dogs is lost to the cold, so the man keeps it to feed to the other dogs later and starts the run again. The remaining four dogs are tired, but he pushes them, past plentiful game without stopping, running for home. The dream becomes a white light, with the team running through the brightness until Russel sees the space where the dream tent with his family unit was. Now there are just torn leather, flapping tent skins, and “signs of death” (141). Russel reacts with disbelief: “No, Russell thought—out of the dream but still in it in some way he did not understand. No, that cannot be” (141). Only two human bones are left in the tent space. In his dream Russel finds the lamp under a ledge, left by a fox that licked all the fat off it. As he is thinking about the lamp, the dream shifts back to the man struggling to get home with his staggering, failing dogs who ran into the dream-light and disappeared. Now there is only the man, at the ruins of the tent. Russel awakens and knows that the man is him, the dream woman is the girl he found, and the lamp is the dream lamp. His shelter is full of the smell of fear, and Russel knows that the “dream had become his life and his life and the run had become the dream” (144). He looks at the girl, who is sitting up staring at him.
When Russel is old and looks back on this part of his life, he sees that the dream incorporated into his life, folded into his life so much that it no longer mattered what was real and what happened in the dream; they were intertwined.
The girl gains back her strength and tells Russel her story. Her name is Nancy, and she was trying to run away from her settlement because she became pregnant without being married, a terrible sin according to the missionaries. She wanted to die on the tundra, but instinct and fear of death made her turn around. She did not have enough gas to get back, which is why she left the snowmachine and started back on foot. She tells Russel that she has no home and no parents and her baby is due in four months. Russel and Nancy stay in the shelter while the storm passes. He feeds her meat and fat and listens to her talk. Eventually she shyly asks him why he was out there and how he found her. He is about to tell her about Oogruk and the dreams but feels that these stories are meant for songs alone, and the songs are not ready yet. Instead, he tells her he is running north “until I run to the end of where I am going” (148). She doesn’t press him but asks if she can join him running north since she has nothing to go back to. She admits that she doesn’t know about dogs but says she is willing to learn and can help with sewing skins. Russel knows she will die if he leaves her, so she joins him and his team on his journey north.
Russel runs his dogs, with Nancy snugly tucked into the sled. He is proud of his dogs and can tell that Nancy is impressed with his team. They run for 10 days, stopping at night to make camp, eat, chat a little, and sleep. They run past food, not stopping to replenish their dwindling supplies. They keep pushing for two days after running out of food but now see no game. The dogs grow weak, and Russel is reminded of Oogruk’s warning about the dogs. He warned Russel that the dogs will keep running to their death if you ask them to so you must look after them and not let them go too far. Nancy starts to grow weak, too, and Russel fears for them all—the dogs, Nancy and her baby, and himself. He decides to leave Nancy in the tent and go hunting alone with the dogs. He is haunted by the dream but has no choice, so he goes out to hunt. Russel finds no game or even tracks, and he spirals into fear and panic. All he thinks about is Nancy dying, the dogs dying, and himself dying. He tries to call upon knowledge from Oogruk, but nothing comes. He finds nothing on the second or third day either, and finally the dogs have no more strength to pull and stop. Russel remembers Oogruk telling him that “dogs will run if you make them think they want to run” (155), so he pushes them on. Russel pushes the dogs like a madman, whipping their back in a way he knows is wrong, but cannot stop. He is losing his mind when finally, when he is feeling completely defeated, he sees the tracks of a great polar bear. Polar bears have been hunted to extinction, or so Russel thought, so initially he does not believe his eyes. The dogs catch the scent, which gives them a second wind, and despite Russel’s fear and doubt they come around a corner and see the bear. The bear is huge and quickly kills the first dog who goes to bite it.
The bear turns to attack Russel, but Russel senses the same sadness in the bear that he felt from the mammoth in his dream. Replaying the dream, Russel takes the killing lance and steps back, allowing his dogs to distract the bear while he sets the lance. Russel no longer feels fear—he feels calm and has become the man in his dreams, while the bear has become the mammoth. The bear impales himself on the lance, as in the dream, and as he is falling the bear hits Russel with his paw and knocks him out. Russel regains consciousness and finds himself under the dead bear’s shoulder, his dogs feasting on the bear’s side. He thanks the bear with genuine gratitude and quickly gets to work collecting as much meat and fat as he can load into the sled for Nancy. The dogs eat their fill and reluctantly leave the remaining, huge carcass to pull the laden sled back to Nancy. Russel sees the lean-to shelter when he is half a mile away but sees no steam rising from it.
The lamp is out, and Russel finds Nancy lying cold and unconscious inside. He lights the lamp, and Nancy’s eyes flicker. She smiles at Russel and whispers that she did not think he was coming back. Even though Nancy is alive, she is weak, and her health deteriorates. She knows the baby is coming and that something is wrong. Nancy asks Russel to go, to leave her alone, but Russel will not leave her again and instead asks how he can help. Nancy struggles throughout the night, writhing in pain trying to deliver the baby. Russel, exhausted from his hunt, tries to help but does not know how. Eventually the baby is born, but it is lifeless. Nancy screams for Russel to take the baby’s body away.
Russel takes the baby outside and places it on a hill. He feels “[a] tearing sadness” (166). For the first time on this journey, Russel wishes he had stayed in his village. Russel cares for Nancy over the next five days, feeding her warm meat and comforting her, but her health fails. Russel knows that Nancy needs to see a doctor, so he explains to her that they can load up with meat from the bear and run north. He tells her that they should be close to the northern coast, where there are villages where she can get help. Nancy says nothing but nods in understanding. They pack up the camp, and Russel runs the four remaining dogs to the bear carcass. Nancy is impressed: “With a spear you did this?” (169). Russel feels proud but replies, “A man does not kill a bear alone. The dogs helped” (169). They run north for six days, only stopping to feed the dogs and take brief naps. The dogs stay strong and loyal, and Russel “drove them with his mind, drove them to the edge of the land, drove them until he felt the land start to tip down and then he smelled it, finally saw the sea ice out ahead” (170). They have made it, and although Nancy is now very weak, she glows with happiness and smiles at Russel, who swells with pride. Her smile “went into Russel” (170), and they drive down into the coastal village.
Just as Russel is connecting fully with his dogs, with the ice, and with solitude, he comes across the snowmachine tracks. His initial reaction is annoyance because “he did not want to see anybody, especially somebody on a snow machine. The idea of a snow machine was out of place, opposite, wrong” (122). However, his heightened instincts and his complete trust in the instincts of his dogs drive him until he finds the snowmachine, and then Nancy. Perseverance is a central theme of the book. Perseverance has kept him and his team alive and has allowed him to follow his desire to connect with his ancestorial roots, and it is perseverance that pushes him through all the extremes until he finds who was on the snowmachine. On these runs Russel’s dogs take on some of the qualities of the dream dogs., running hard and tirelessly on little food and no sleep until they find Nancy.
The dreams that Russel has on these runs plunge him into the cruel side of nature. The happiness from the village is replaced by fear and starvation that he sees in the woman and two children, possibly his future family, and the desperate helplessness he feels at being unable to save them despite having a sled laden with food. The dream shows him that you cannot take the bounty of nature for granted. In the dream Russel “stayed too long at the village with the fat of seal and walrus” (128). He underestimated the amount of time it would take him to get home, underestimated the strength of the storm, and, because he was enjoying himself, took it for granted that he would make it back to the tent. He underestimated nature, with fatal and devastating consequences.
He lives this dream in reality in Chapter 14. The raw emotion that Paulsen pours into the two final dream sequences as dream-Russel finds that he is too late to save the family is palpable. There are descriptions of the “never-ending arctic dream-wind” (141), the light, and the dogs evoke strong feeling of desperate hope followed by crashing sadness when the man finds only the two human bones. Paulsen’s writing style changes for the dream chapters, becoming less factual and educational, more emotionally fraught and metaphysical. Paulsen’s foreshadowing in the dreams leads the reader to suspect that Nancy and the “dreamwoman-girl” are the same, well before Russel realizes this with powerful certainty at the end of Chapter 13:
That’s when Russell awakened in his own tent stinking of fear and sweat, knowing that the dream had become his life and his life and the run had become the dream and the woman was looking at him […] And she was the same woman as the woman in the dream (144).
Paulsen sums up the transformation of Russel from boy to young man, a journey that is incomplete and true to most young adults: “Russel was no longer young but he wasn’t old, either. He wasn’t afraid, but he wasn’t brave. He wasn’t smart, but he wasn’t a fool. He wasn’t as strong as he would be, but he wasn’t ever going to be as weak as he was” (145). Striving to be exceptional, and believing he is exceptional, as portrayed in Russel’s dreams, is what pushes Russel forward.
Russel has no more dreams, but he starts to live the dreams, seeming to ignore the warnings. As they travel north together, Russel and Nancy run past plentiful prey, mirroring the dream in which he overstayed in the village; “they ran north toward the mother of wind, and they ran past their food” (152). As Nancy’s health deteriorates, Russel feels the same fear as in the dream, follows the same worried path to go hunting in a storm, and feels the same terror when he can find no prey: “She would die. He would die. The dogs would die” (154). He tries to muster help from his trance with Oogruk, but that voice has gone quiet, and he realizes that every decision he makes from now on is his and his alone. While terrifying, this is another leap in his journey towards self-realization. The final epic battle is with a polar bear as opposed to the dream mammoth.
For Russel, reality and the dream merge during the fight with the bear. He feels the bear the same way he felt the mammoth, feels the anger and the sadness, knows that the bear will be distracted by the dogs long enough for him to set his lance, and knows he will kill the bear. He feels the death of the bear so strongly that for an instant he thinks he has been killed instead.
Following the bear hunt, Paulsen takes the reader on an emotional rollercoaster. The fundamental points of Russel’s dreams have so far come true, albeit with some altered forms (for example, the dream mammoth is a polar bear), so the reader fears that the devastating death of the dream woman and children is a foreshadowing of unfolding events with Nancy. The relief when Nancy smiles and comes “back from death” on Russel’s return to the tent is short lived (163). Nancy loses the baby, highlighting the raw harshness of nature and life in the Arctic. Getting food and shelter is not always enough.
The delivery of her stillborn baby is a pivotal point in Nancy’s journey to becoming a woman: “The woman-girl became a woman in the night” (165). The traumatic events that Nancy and Russel go through together create a strong bond between them, and although Russel is more comfortable communicating with his dogs than with people at this point, a deep love grows between them. Nancy trusts Russel completely, and Russel’s sole priority becomes that of getting help for Nancy. Nancy is now part of his song, and therefore his solitary quest for self-realization is over and fulfilled.
Their feelings are captured when Russel shows Nancy that they have reached sea-ice and therefore will find help soon:
She was still, but the edges of her eyes were glowing with life, with happiness, with the pride in his voice at what his dogs had done. She was weak, weak and down, but there was still life, enough life, and the corners of her mouth turned up in a smile, a smile that went into Russell (170).
By Gary Paulsen