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61 pages 2 hours read

Boris Pasternak

Doctor Zhivago

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 1957

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Book 2, Parts 8-10Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Book 2, Part 8 Summary: “Arrival”

After his meeting with Strelnikov, Yuri is escorted back to the train carriage by a guard who complains about the “class war” (199). Tonya has been talking to a passenger named Samdevyatov, whom she introduces to her husband. The newcomer apparently knows everything about people all across Russia, and he is now good friends with Tonya, having explained to her that large parts of Yuriatin are “burning” (201). The Zhivago family, he suggests, should take a different train to Torfyanaya. In a private conversation with Yuri, Samdevyatov reveals that Mikulitsyn—the caretaker of the estate belonging to Tonya's grandfather—is a supporter of the Socialist Revolutionary Party. Mikulitsyn's son Liberius is a high-ranking member of the Bolshevik military, meaning that father and son are fighting on opposite sides of the civil war. As the two men discuss politics, the Bolshevik Samdevyatov explains why he believes that Marxism will teach people about reality and history. Yuri disagrees. He does not believe that Marxism can ever be truly objective, meaning that it cannot explain reality in the same way as science. Politics mean very little to Yuri, but he dislikes anyone who is “indifferent to truth” (202).

Against Samdevyatov's recommendation, the family disembarks at Torfyanaya. When the stationmaster greets the Zhivago family, they learn that Samdevyatov has called ahead to prepare him. Tonya's appearance reminds the stationmaster of her grandfather. This concerns Yuri. As the stationmaster arranges for them to travel to Varykino with a strange man named Vakkh (the namesake of the legendary figure from Tonya's mother's stories), he warns them not to reveal their familial connections to too many people. Just as Samdevyatov warned, the people of Varykino do not take kindly to the Zhivago family. Having taken part in the failed revolution of 1905, Mikulitsyn resents the comparative success of the 1917 revolution, feeling that his political group achieved effectively nothing for all “his radical and bloody lusts” (211). He complains that the Zhivago family is putting him in a difficult position, though Yuri convinces him that they will not be a problem. Eventually, Mikulitsyn offers to house the family in an old and unused “outbuilding” (212) with a small stretch of land that they can farm. Yuri and Alexander Gromeko agree that Mikulitsyn is probably a good man, though they are concerned about his wife's behavior, believing that she may have mental illness. She often asks people questions about historical dates and events. During one of these impromptu quizzes, she mentions “an excellent mathematician” (214) named Pasha Antipov and claims that he died in the war. Then she claims that Commissar Strelnikov, the man who seems to the people of Yuriatin like a punishment from God, is actually Pasha reborn.

Book 2, Part 9 Summary: “Varykino”

As winter approaches in Varykino, Yuri begins to write poems and notes about his family and his dreams in his diary. Through the long and hard spring and summer, he writes, he believes that he and Tonya have grown closer together. He also suspects that she is pregnant, though she “does not share [his] supposition” (217). The family passes the time by endlessly re-reading the few books they have with them. Yuri reflects on “the Russian childlikeness of Pushkin and Chekhov” (220). Yuri no longer works as a doctor, though he offers his expertise to any neighbors who need his help. The family relies on Samdevyatov, who has emerged as a pillar of the local community while remaining an ardent supporter of the Bolsheviks. Yuri's half-brother Evgraf also seems to be an important part of the family's life, though his status is “still less explicable” than Samdevyatov’s (222). He visits regularly, bringing gifts such as soap. Yuri believes that his brother can help to resolve many difficulties.

At the end of winter, the snow begins to melt. Yuri visits the library in Yuriatin and happens to see Lara, who seems “happy, confident, smiling” (224). This is the first time he has seen her since he confessed his romantic feelings for her. Her presence soothes him, though he does not reveal himself to her. She leaves before he can say anything, though he manages to find her address by looking at the forms she has submitted to request books from the library. A few days later, Yuri visits Lara. She tells him about her housing arrangements and the secret key to her apartment. She admits that she has known that he was nearby for over a year, though she is surprised to see him on her doorstep. They discuss the civil war, and, in Lara's opinion, they are very different in political perspective, even though they share many opinions. When Yuri mentions his meeting with Strelnikov, Lara confirms that the commissar is actually “[her] husband Pasha” (230). She has not laid eyes on her husband since he joined the army many years before, and he does not contact her or their daughter, which Lara believes is for their protection. She believes that his aggressive military style is an attempt to ensure that he returns to his family as a glorious conqueror. She believes that he is currently fighting the Whites in Siberia, leading his army in combat against the Red army led by Yusup, his childhood friend.

Yuri and Lara have an affair, though Yuri is quickly overcome by guilt. While returning on horseback to Varykino, he decides that he cannot continue and that he must tell Tonya what has happened. Lara understands his pain, though his decision upsets her. As he travels back to Varykino, Yuri debates the best time to tell Tonya what he has done. He decides to wait several days, allowing him time to visit Lara again and clarify his position “with depth and sincerity” (234). As he travels along an empty road, however, he is ambushed by soldiers fighting under Liberius. They pressgang him into service as a medic for the Forest Brotherhood.

Book 2, Part 10 Summary: “On The High Road”

Krestovozdviznensk is a small town on the very old highway to Siberia. Olga Galuzina is the wife of a shopkeeper in the town, and she is concerned that her son, Terenty, has been conscripted to fight for the White Army. She is “beset by sad thoughts” (238). Vlas, her husband and the owner of the shop, also fights for the Whites and delivers rousing speeches to the new recruits.

At the same time, in a courtyard outside the Galuzina home, Pasha's father Pavel Antipov meets with men who participated in the failed 1905 revolution. These men include Tiverzin, an anarchist named Vdovichenko, and a Bolshevik official named Kostoed-Amursky. Liberius is also present and frequently interrupts Kostoed-Amursky as he tries to issue orders from the central Bolshevik command. Tiverzin is annoyed by Liberius's behavior, but he agrees with Liberius's belief that the commands are foolish. He does not believe that the men who took part in the 1905 revolution are in a trusting enough condition to lead the vanguard of this latest revolution.

An Easter banquet welcomes the new recruits into the White Army. Terenty listens to his father's speech and leans into his friend Goshka, asking to know the meaning of the word “saboteur” (248). In that moment, a grenade detonates at the end of the street. The men panic. Terenty finds himself hiding in a tight, crowded space beneath a grocery shop. Most of the men are very drunk after the banquet. Apparently, Terenty learns, the chaos outside was caused by a recruit named Sanka, who refused to undress for his medical exam. He flipped a desk and jumped out the window, calling on other men to follow suit. No one knows who threw the grenade, says Koska Nekhvalenykh, who is also in the hiding place. Outside, the men can hear Colonel Strese searching for the rebellious recruits. The colonel incorrectly denounces Terenty, Goshka, Koska, and Sanka as political exiles who are now wanted dead or alive. Koska whispers to the others, suggesting that they hide in the forest until the colonel and the White soldiers become more reasonable.

Book 2, Parts 8-10 Analysis

After leaving Moscow, Yuri realizes how much of his life is determined by The Inevitability of Fate. More explicitly, he is beholden to a series of benefactors. From an early age, Yuri was reliant on his uncle and then the Gromeko family to support him after the loss of his parents. The Gromeko family, in particular, provided him with an education and a marriage to Tonya, establishing him as a wealthy and well-connected man in Moscow. In the midst of the revolution, however, Yuri is beholden to Samdevyatov and Evgraf. These mysterious figures help him without expecting anything in return. They provide advice and information that allows Yuri to navigate a potentially dangerous world, and they supply Yuri's family with food and resources in difficult moments. The realization that he is dependent on these people is an important moment in Yuri’s character development. Even though he is determined to avoid politics and political discussions, Yuri is forced to confront the reality that he exists in a society at the behest of others. Left to his own devices, he would struggle. Realizing that he has received help and support which are denied to many poor people, Yuri becomes more sympathetic to the communal, cooperative ideals of the revolution. Most of the working-class supporters of the revolution, Yuri discovers, did not have the Gromeko family to help them. They created their own support networks around people like Samdevyatov. The revolution obliterates the preconceptions of Russian society, prompting Yuri to confront the privileges he has enjoyed. When Yuri understands how reliant he is on other people, he comes to realize that he is not the strong, independent man he believed himself to be.

Yuri cannot help but love Lara. When he spots her in the library, he cannot deny his feelings for her. They begin an affair, but Yuri is conflicted. He still loves Tonya and, ultimately, he decides to end his affair with Lara. At no point does Yuri fall out of love with his wife. Instead, he loves the two women in different ways. The affair is intense, passionate, and intermittent, while the marriage is comfortable, loving, and dependable. When Yuri is separated from Tonya, the marriage exists as a constant, and he knows that he can always return to her. Even when she is in Paris, he still loves Tonya from a distance. When he is with Lara, however, he indulges his passionate side. Yuri is capable of loving two different women in two different ways. The novel does not frame his affair as immoral or bad; in the context of the revolution, far more immoral acts take place and Yuri's romances are presented as moments of respite and salvation rather than transgressions. Instead, the novel depicts Yuri’s two loves as emblematic of the Tension Between Opposing Values, as Yuri is torn between his sense of duty to the wife he loves and an intense longing for the woman who always seems to slip through his fingers.

The depiction of the Red and White Armies reminds the audience of the complexities of the revolution. The Red Army units are commanded by Pasha/Strelnikov, who is not particularly concerned with Bolshevism or ideology. The White Army units are commanded by Yusup, a genuine working-class figure whom the Bolsheviks would likely see as fighting against his own class interests. Yusup and Pasha grew up together, and the revolution has forced them into a strange position. Yusup has abandoned his social class to join the war and Pasha has abandoned his family. Neither man is particularly idealistic, but the crucible of the revolution has forged each of them into something new. Similarly, their fathers and forebears—the architects of the failed 1905 revolution—are changed by the 1917 Russian Revolution. The older men are crueler and more cynical, embitterffffffed by their comparative failure and the overreaching ideology of the Bolsheviks. Father turns against son and friend turns against friend. Antipov turns against Pasha and Pasha turns against Yusup. The Collapse of the Social Order undoes all previous certainties. Fundamentally, these men are the same. They are from the same place, but their lives have progressed along very different yet very similar paths. But for a few chance events, they might be able to switch places entirely. The Red and White Armies seem diametrically opposed, but the backgrounds of their respective commanders remind the audience of the shared humanity which underpins everything.

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