61 pages • 2 hours read
Boris PasternakA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
Yuri and Lara have been living together for nearly nine months. One day, Yuri arrives home to find Lara in deep discussion with Komarovsky, who claims that the family are in “mortal danger” (316). He has brought a proposition: after being named minister of justice in a breakaway eastern region of Russia, he can protect Lara from Tiverzin and Antipov, both of whom plan to use their legal powers against her and Yuri, according to many recent rumors. Komarovsky offers to take Lara and Yuri to the east with him for their safety. Yuri bluntly refuses. He does not trust Komarovsky, but he believes that Lara and Katenka should do whatever is safest for them. Lara will not go anywhere without Yuri. She also declines the deal. The following day, Yuri and Lara both agree that they should “disappear at once” (320). They decide to go to Varykino. Though Lara is beginning to feel ill, they both feel intensely in love with one another. Lara hints that she may be pregnant, but Yuri believes it to be imaginary.
In winter, Varykino is a desolate place. Lara insists that they not stay in the old Zhivago home out of respect for Yuri's memories. They survive in the Mikulitsyns' cold house thanks to food and items which are behind by a mysterious, anonymous lodger. The makeshift family begins to settle into the home. Finding a supply of red ink, Yuri is eager to begin writing again while Lara and Katenka are asleep. He finds that he cannot write all night as he used to, and his thoughts become confused. He feels suddenly pessimistic and does not believe that Lara will stay with him for very long. On the 13th night of their time together, Yuri collects firewood. He comes home to find Lara talking to Komarovsky, who has “fresh news” (335). The old man insists that they should leave with him on a train the following day. Yuri still does not trust Komarovsky, who asks for a word in private. There, he reveals that Strelnikov (Pasha) has been executed. Pasha's death signals “direct, imminent danger” (337) for Lara and Katenka. Komarovsky begs Yuri to at least pretend that he will travel east, at least enough to convince Lara and Katenka to escape to safety. Yuri accepts Komarovsky's logic. He knows that he and Lara will inevitably be separated, so they may as well be separated in a way that protects her. Once he gives his blessing, Komarovsky leaves quickly with Lara and her daughter. Yuri does not have a chance to change his mind. As the trio ride away in a sleigh, Yuri reflects on his grief that he will never see Lara again.
For the next week, Yuri drinks heavily and writes poetry as though he is “slowly losing his mind” (340). He dedicates the poems to Lara. When Yuri has almost sobered up, Pasha arrives at the house. Despite Komarovsky's proclamation, he is very much not dead. He wants to know the whereabouts of his family, saying that he has been hiding in Siberia until he was betrayed by the saboteur, Terenty. Now he is on the run, and he wants to see his family before anything happens to him. Yuri and Pasha spend several hours in conversation. Pasha knows about the affair between Yuri and Lara. He explains how he went to war to win back Lara and, once the revolution began, how he fought for the Reds to revenge himself on the country that had taken so much from Lara and to prevent himself from returning to the past. When Yuri reveals how much Lara loved her husband, Pasha is surprised. He asks Yuri to tell him everything Lara ever said about him. That night, Yuri is enjoying a good night's sleep for the first time in more than a month. When he wakes up, he finds Pasha dead outside, having shot himself.
Yuri arrives in Moscow “emaciated and wild” (348). He passes through Veretenniki, a village that has been destroyed in the war. He meets the “barefoot, ragged, and disheveled” Vasya Brykin, one of the conscripted laborers with whom he shared a train carriage many years before (351). During the Red Army's attack on Veretenniki, Vasya explains, he hid inside a cave. His mother killed herself because she believed that her son was dead, while his sisters were sent away with the other orphans. Vasya is now all alone. He travels to Moscow with Yuri, and the two men share an apartment in the city. Vasya dedicates his time to studying bookmaking and printing, while Yuri writes “little books” about philosophy and other topics (355). Vasya then prints these works for his school. The books are well-received, but as Vasya learns more about Yuri, he becomes distrustful of his new friend. Vasya sees Yuri's worldview as outdated and confused, especially compared to the communist ideology of the Bolsheviks. He is unimpressed with Yuri's “lukewarm and limp” (356) efforts to see his family again. This split becomes irreconcilable, and the two men go their separate ways.
Yuri feels depressed. He moves into the house where the Sventitsky family once lived, which has been taken over by the government. The building is now run by the former porter, Markel. During his time in the building, Yuri is regularly teased by Markel for his many failures. He mocks Yuri for having to do his own laundry, something which would never have happened to an upper-middle-class person before the revolution. Markel reveals that his daughter pities Yuri and offers her services. Markel's daughter, Marina, helps Yuri with many of his household chores. Eventually, she moves into his home and becomes his “third, not officially registered, wife” (358). She is able to tolerate Yuri's irritable, grumbling demeanor. Yuri spends six years like this, and he and Marina have two daughters together, naming them Klavdia and Kapitolina. Yuri has found his old friends, Nika and Misha, and they talk together in Gordon's home. Yuri is disillusioned with the “hopelessly ordinary” tastes of his old friends (360). He knows that he cannot reveal to them that they are boring him, so he remains silent. He tells them that they are lucky that they know him. When they press Yuri to “clarify [his] relations” (361) with Tonya and Marina, Yuri dismisses their concerns, complaining of physical pain. He believes that “everything will be set right” (362). Tonya has begun writing to him again after five years of silence. He suspects that he will see her soon. Leaving Gordon's apartment, Yuri chances upon Evgraf. He has not seen his half-brother for nearly three years. Yuri confesses to Evgraf that he feels the need “to be left alone for a time” to focus on his affairs, allowing him to leave his past behind (363). Evgraf comes up with a way to help Yuri, giving him money and finding him an apartment and even a job. Evgraf gives money to Marina to take care of the children and offers to help Tonya and the children in Paris.
By the middle of 1929, Yuri is relatively happy. He has spent months writing. His work focuses on urban life. He hopes to reunite with Marina and his daughters soon. Travelling to his job at the hospital, he feels an “unprecedented, irreparable pain” in his chest (366). He dies in the middle of the street right next to a tram. Yuri is 39 at the time of his death. Evgraf arranges his funeral, inviting Marina, Misha, and Nika. Lara also attends, and she is the most visibly distressed. By chance, she happened to be spending a few days in Moscow to find a place for her daughter to live while attending school. She had not planned to see Yuri until she visited the place where Pasha once lived. The funeral is being held in these same rooms and, unexpectedly, she discovered Yuri's body in the casket. Yuri never knew that he was living in the apartment that he had first seen many years before. Lara spends several days in Moscow to help Evgraf sort through Yuri's manuscripts. Evgraf corrects her mistaken belief that Pasha was shot; Lara accepts her husband's suicide. She asks for Evgraf's advice on how to locate a child up for adoption and he agrees to help. A few days later, Lara vanishes. She may have been “arrested on the street” and then lost in one of the numerous concentration camps (374).
In 1943, Nika and Misha are part of the Russian Army fighting in World War II. Nika is a major and Misha is a second lieutenant. After separate ventures, they reconvene in a town and find “an undamaged hayloft” (375). Misha complains that he cannot sleep, so they go to the river, where Misha can wash his clothes. They talk about many things, including Nika's deceased fiancée, killed by the Germans for partisan activity. Evgraf, now a Major General, is visiting the town and gathering information about her life. They discuss their views on whether “collectivization was a failure” (377). Several weeks later, the two men wait for a supply truck in Karachevo. Their small group includes a laundrywoman named Tanya. She is very friendly and talks openly about her discussion with Major General Evgraf Zhivago the previous day. He asked her many questions, including many about herself, and promised to return to continue their conversation. She remembers a joke he told about becoming a “general's niece” (380). Misha quizzes Tanya about the Major General. She explains how she shared her violent backstory, in which she was given up for adoption by her stepfather, who was serving as a minister of justice in Russia's far east. Her mother's name was Raissa Komarova, she explains, and had probably hoped that the arrangement was only short-lived. Raissa's husband likely tricked Raissa, Tanya believes. Misha and Nika are certain that Tanya is the missing child of Yuri and Lara. They know that Evgraf will “look after her” (384).
In the future, Nika and Misha visit Moscow. They examine Yuri's writing. Yuri's book of poetry can be seen through a window. They feel at peace with the world.
An additional chapter presents Yuri's collection of poems, as collated and edited by Lara and Evgraf.
Yuri's writing is one of the few opportunities for him to escape his troubles. The Collapse of the Social Order means that the world he knew is changing rapidly and violently, and writing and art provide him with a way to make sense of the chaos around him. While the external world is more and more out of his control, writing allows him to maintain an interior life that he can control. When he and Lara are living together, he descends into an almost manic spree of writing. He writes in a frenzy, spending the night trying to transpose the thoughts from his head onto the page. Where writing was once a form of escapist relief, now it takes on a new urgency: Yuri is in genuine fear of his life. He is sincerely afraid that his life's ambition of writing something worthwhile may not be achieved, particularly given that individualist tendencies clash with the collectivist ideology of the new regime. Yuri's burst of writing is a last-ditch attempt to forge something worthwhile from a life that has been beholden to The Inevitability of Fate. Through his writing, Yuri can control his existence. He can document, order, and comprehend the world, adjusting each line and syllable to suit his desires. Writing is an exercise in agency, so Yuri's desperation makes sense at a time when he is so scared for himself and his loved ones.
Yuri's frenzied writing has a secondary effect. He is exhausted and not in a good frame of mind to be making decisions. When he finally acquiesces to Komarovsky's suggestion that he lie to Lara to send her away, he immediately regrets his decision. Watching her leave, he is gripped by fear and guilt that he has done something wrong. His mental faculties are demonstrably out of sorts; though he is typically an excellent diagnostician, he believes that Lara's pregnancy is imaginary. Later, he will be proved wrong, and Evgraf will find his long-lost daughter. After Lara departs, Pasha comes to the house. The second meeting between the two men is held on more equal footing. Yuri and Pasha both seem certain that they are doomed. Yuri is not so sure of which forces are out to get him, but Pasha knows full well that he will be executed if he is caught. Whereas Yuri sought relief through writing, Pasha seeks relief in the memories of others. Yuri's stories about how much Lara loved Pasha provide him with comfort. He is so comforted by these memories that he decides to take his fate into his own hands. The confirmation of Lara's longstanding love for Pasha is a validation of everything Pasha ever wanted. He wanted to make himself worthy of her love, and he wanted to be sure that he could never return to the mistakes of the past. Having become certain of the former, he takes control of the latter by shooting himself. Yuri's passive acceptance of The Inevitability of Fate contrasts with the certainty of Pasha's actions. The two men were always diametrically opposed in character but united by their love of Lara. In his death, Pasha illustrates once again that he has the conviction that Yuri has always lacked.
Nika and Misha survey Yuri's poems as his most obvious legacy. These poems make them hopeful and wistful, reminding them of their old friend's intelligence and his absence. In depicting Moscow itself as a heroic character, Yuri shows that culture and beauty can endure even the most violent and difficult circumstances. The city endures long after Yuri succumbs to the travails of fate. In addition, however, Yuri leaves another legacy. Tanya is the lost child of Yuri and Lara, carrying the beauty and intelligence of one generation forward into the next. She is the product of a brief but fated romance, a physical embodiment of the bond her parents shared. She is testament to their love, which is why Evgraf seeks her out and supports her. Tanya's life has been difficult, shaped by the brutal aftermath of the Civil War. Nonetheless, she is optimistic. She has managed to retain a positivity that represents the endurance of the human spirit. Through her existence, Tanya provides an optimism and a hope for the future.
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