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58 pages 1 hour read

Rachel Kushner

Creation Lake

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 2024

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Parts 1-2Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Part 1: “The Delights of Solitude” - Part 2: “Priest Valley”

Part 1, Chapter 1 Summary

Content Warning: This section discusses and depicts death and substance use disorder.

Sadie secretly reads emails written by Bruno Lacombe to Pascal Balmy. In them, Bruno describes various traits typical of Neanderthals, or “Thals,” as he calls them. They were often red-haired and predisposed toward gum disease and depression. They had very large brains and disliked crowds, and their facial features were dramatic. Tomorrow, Sadie will meet with Pascal, the head of Le Moulin. She plans to be punctual.

Part 1, Chapter 2 Summary

Sadie’s employers—a shadowy private security firm looking to infiltrate Le Moulin—have told her that Bruno was Pascal’s mentor. From the emails between Bruno and Pascal, she hopes to glean additional information about Le Moulin’s activities. Six months ago, earth-moving equipment was sabotaged at the site of a planned industrial reservoir. Le Moulin was suspected of the crime, but there was insufficient proof for charges. She is disappointed that the emails seem to focus on the differences between the Neanderthals and early Homo sapiens rather than Le Moulin’s possible involvement in the sabotage. Bruno seems to feel that the Neanderthals were the superior species and that Homo sapiens propelled the world toward agriculture, organized society, and money, all evils in Bruno’s eyes.

Part 1, Chapter 3 Summary

Sadie is staying in the Guyenne Valley, where Le Moulin is based, to investigate Bruno and Le Moulinards. She is staying with Lucien, whose family owns an ancient stone home with a leaky roof. She does not mind the house’s rustic character. It is the perfect base for her operations, and it has a long driveway, ensuring that no one can sneak up and surprise Sadie. She feels secure there.

Part 1, Chapter 4 Summary

The house is in the middle of a dense forest, and its lack of signage makes it difficult to locate. Sadie struggles to find it even with the aid of Lucien’s directions. The place, once she finds it, strikes her as dismal, but it will work for her purposes. She decides to ignore the decay, the leaking roof, the rats, and the other “rustic” features. Lucien is her boyfriend, or so he thinks. Their relationship is part of her current assignment. He and Pascal are old friends, and he suggested introducing Pascal to Sadie (or so he thought; this introduction had been Sadie’s idea) so that she (an out-of-work graduate student, as Lucien thinks) can translate his group’s book into English.

Part 1, Chapter 5 Summary

Sadie thinks more about the emails. She wishes that they contained information pertinent to her own investigation, but they at least reveal something about Bruno. He speaks in a way that strikes her as erudite, although she has little respect for erudition. She recently quit the rhetoric PhD program she’d been enrolled in at the University of California, Berkeley, and she still harbors a marked dislike for academic types.

Part 1, Chapter 6 Summary

The drive from Marseille took eight hours, and Sadie stopped periodically to sample local wines. She also stole several large packages of terrines, small French tins of preserved meats that she likens to cat food. Stealing, she reflects, sharpens the mind and helps the thief remain focused and goal oriented. She does not see a problem with it.

Part 1, Chapter 7 Summary

Bruno communicated primarily with Pascal via email, although everyone in Le Moulin had access to the account. Someone had taken issue with Bruno’s supposition that Neanderthals used tobacco. They pointed out that it’s a new-world plant, and Bruno scoffed at this suggestion and asserted that there is much about early migration patterns that is yet to be understood: It was entirely possible that tobacco had made it to Europe via a route not known to modern researchers.

Part 1, Chapter 8 Summary

Sadie feels that she is a better driver when slightly drunk. Like stealing, driving under the influence helps her maintain a sharp focus. On the way to Lucien’s, she stopped at an abandoned inn to urinate in the woods. She took note of a pair of discarded orange panties among the many truck tracks in the parking lot’s muddy surface. She reflects that this is the real Europe: not fancy cafés or macarons but trucking, sex work, and quasi-legal immigrants from places like Moldova and Macedonia.

Part 1, Chapter 9 Summary

In one email, Bruno brings up the universality of mythical creatures like Bigfoot. The creature is known by other names (like the Himalayan Yeti) in different parts of the world, but most regions have a legend of a Neanderthal-like creature that still walks the earth. Bruno posits that Neanderthals do still walk the earth: They live on in our minds and our cultures.

Part 1, Chapter 10 Summary

Sadie stops in Bouliere, the nearest town, for additional supplies on her way to Lucien’s. She notices evidence of the region’s shift toward industrialized agriculture, a state-led effort to revitalize an area that has long suffered from emigration and brain drain. It is precisely this transition that Le Moulin is fighting: They do not believe that monocrop agriculture is a sustainable practice, and they particularly resent the draining of underground water tables to support it.

Part 2, Chapter 11 Summary

So far, gaining information about Le Moulin has been easy for Sadie. She began a relationship with Lucien by approaching him in a bar. She determined Bruno’s email address and guessed his password from several posts he made on an online messaging board. From the emails, Sadie has already gleaned that Bruno is fascinated with early man’s use of fire and that he has tried to adopt what he feels are Neanderthals’ useful habits, including sleeping for more than 12 out of every 24 hours.

Part 2, Chapter 12 Summary

Sadie’s first date with Lucien went perfectly. She was able to manipulate him into thinking that he had made the first move, and she could see that falling in love with a stranger fit his self-image. She has observed this behavior in many other people: Most individuals have an idea of who they are and how their life should turn out. She knows that if she can fit herself into that story, she can get them to believe that she is part of their destiny.

Part 2, Chapter 13 Summary

Lucien and Sadie soon move in together. He wants to get married, and Sadie agrees. He does not ask many questions, a fact for which Sadie is deeply grateful. She claims to be from Priest Valley, California, a place chosen for a name that she (accurately) calculates will be attractive to the nominally Catholic French and that can be located on a map but does not actually have inhabitants. She claims to be employed as a dog walker, a hard-to-verify occupation that would put her in the far-flung neighborhoods that she often frequents as part of her investigation. She is pleased when Lucien introduces her to Pascal, and she hopes to complete her work before the marriage paperwork has been filed.

Part 2, Chapter 14 Summary

Bruno posits that the genetic predisposition toward substance use disorders that was present in Neanderthals might have been useful: It shows an orientation toward joy. Sadie is not sure what she thinks of this postulation. She herself drinks because she enjoys drinking, although she knows that there are some for whom alcohol consumption becomes problematic. She reads more of Bruno’s email correspondence and reflects further on Pascal. She knows that he has modeled himself, in part, after the French theorist Guy Debord, a man whom she scathingly characterizes as whiny and “dickish,” a privileged malcontent whose critiques of Western society, she thinks, were rooted in his discomfort with his own inherited wealth. Pascal, too, has inherited enough money that he does not need to work. Sadie finds his critiques of Western society similarly inauthentic and even petulant.

Part 2, Chapter 15 Summary

Sadie recalls an earlier investigation, one in which she’d had to lead a scruffy young animal activist toward acts of actual terrorism to get closer to the actual target of her work, another (more important) activist. She also used the promise of romance to manipulate that man, and she reflects now that her ordinary looks work to her advantage in this line of work: She is not beautiful, but she is appealing. She is comfortable and familiar, easy to fall for because she is attainable.

Part 2, Chapter 16 Summary

Guy Debord was part of a 1960s-era revolutionary movement that sought to overthrow the status quo and remake society along radical leftist lines. Pascal and Bruno, too, were part of this movement, and their work in the area around Guyenne evidences both their revolutionary zeal and their ideological extremism. Pascal is distinctly anti-civilization, and after he moved to Guyenne, a whole host of mysterious crimes occurred, each interfering in some way with the region’s transition from small farms to industrialized agriculture.

Part 2, Chapter 17 Summary

The animal activist had indeed helped Sadie lead the FBI to a more senior activist in his group, a woman named Nancy. Unfortunately, their trial had not resulted in convictions for any but the most minor of charges because the boy’s lawyer argued that Sadie had entrapped him, and the jury believed him. This resulted in Sadie’s dismissal from the FBI and propelled her toward a career in Europe’s private security sector. Because she spoke English, French, German, and Spanish fluently, she was a desirable agent in that market.

Part 2, Chapter 18 Summary

Sadie was hired to investigate Pascal and Le Moulin. Lucien was only part of her project, and she maintained an emotional distance from him while feigning care and concern. She recalls a train journey that the two took together: Lucien became nauseated because their seats faced the back of the vehicle. She herself remained unaffected. While on the train, she received a message telling her to investigate Paul Platon, a local official in Guyenne.

Part 2, Chapter 19 Summary

Sadie made a careful study of Platon, noting his personality traits (he was vain and had a temper) as well as his mistresses and the trips he took both for work and pleasure. Platon was never aware of her presence, but for months, Sadie stalked him everywhere.

Part 2, Chapter 20 Summary

During one trip to Marseille, she and Lucien took an expensive cab ride in which it was clear to Sadie (but not to naïve Lucien) that the cab driver was running up the meter on purpose. Lucien’s lack of awareness did not surprise Sadie at all.

Part 2, Chapter 21 Summary

Bruno posits in one email that depression, the gene for which was present in Neanderthals, was actually the engine for their creativity and abstract thinking. Unlike Homo sapiens, whom Bruno is sure just copied what they saw and painted it onto various cave walls, Neanderthals created actual art. In one cave, his daughter found an obsidian disc dated to the Neanderthal period. Bruno had refused to surrender this object to the authorities so that it could be displayed in a museum “for tourists.” The state, he reasoned, had no place in the world of science, and he and his daughter would enjoy the piece just as much as any tourist.

Part 2, Chapter 22 Summary

Sadie and Lucien are in Marseille because Lucien is working on a film. Sadie plays the role of the dutiful fiancé, including having some rather unpleasant sex with him. She reflects that the sex is unpleasant because she is not attracted to Lucien   . This, she knows, is all part of the job. While they are in Marseille, her employers instruct her to arrange an interaction between Platon and the Moulinards. This interaction should be dramatic and should result in a crime for which Pascal and the Moulinards can be charged. In Marseille, some local radicals attempt to drown a police officer. She reflects that this scenario could be repeated with Platon and the Moulinards somehow. Finally, a charge could be made to stick to the group, and their radical activities could be squashed once and for all.

Part 2, Chapter 23 Summary

In Marseille, Lucien’s cinematographer, Serge, shares his family history. His roots are in French Algeria, a former colony whose French population fled, en masse, after the Algerians successfully fought for their independence. His grandfather arrived in Marseille on a large boat full of refugees, all of whom were treated as stateless people by the Marseillais population. Depressed, he turned to radical politics and became a zealous right-wing nationalist.

Part 2, Chapter 24 Summary

In Marseille, Sadie goes to an exclusive beach club, and Serge comments that his ancestors would never have been allowed in, so tainted were they by the stigma of having been born in Africa. The club is full of overly tanned women with obviously fake breasts. Sadie happily takes note of how natural her own implants look. She is pleased that no one can tell that she has had work done.

Parts 1-2 Analysis

Part 1 begins with a series of emails written by Bruno Lacombe to Pascal Balmy and the Moulinards. These emails, although disappointing to Sadie initially because they make no mention of the Moulinards’ involvement in a recent act of sabotage, begin to introduce Bruno’s worldview. The emails mostly discuss Bruno’s deep interest in Neanderthals. Neanderthals will become the novel’s most important and overt motif, and their inclusion at the very beginning of the narrative establishes The Prehistoric Roots of Modern Social Organization as a key theme early on. Bruno, who has himself withdrawn from society, is fiercely critical of capitalism and its impact on both individual lives and larger-scale group dynamics. In fact, his critique of modern, industrial life goes so deep that he believes that humanity took a wrong turn in the paleolithic era, when Homo sapiens first began to rely on agriculture and establish permanent settlements. For Bruno, the nomadic, hunter-gatherer lifestyle practiced by the Neanderthals represents a superior model for humanity’s future.

Throughout the novel, radical theorists and activists draw from Guy DeBord’s idea that industrial capitalism has successfully—and disastrously—reoriented human identity toward production and consumption at the expense of other, more meaningful pursuits. Bruno is not the only character to espouse this kind of anti-capitalist, anti-industrialist thinking. Pascal and his activist commune—the Moulinards—are similarly inclined and view Bruno as a mentor. Through her depiction of these radical characters, Kushner explores the problems of both capitalism and contemporary society.

These first parts of the novel also introduce Sadie. Creation Lake is a literary spy thriller, and key aspects of Sadie’s character—her ethical flexibility, nihilistic worldview, and substance use—are typical of spy thriller protagonists. She is depicted initially against the backdrop of her duplicitous relationship with Lucien, a man whom she is using for his connection to Pascal and who thinks that he and Sadie are engaged. She actually finds Lucien unappealing, but she is perfectly happy to use him to further her investigation. Sadie’s unconventional approach to ethics, in addition to providing details about Sadie herself, introduces The Ethics of Espionage as a theme. Kushner presents espionage through the framework of Sadie’s dubious ethics and lack of a moral code in order to interrogate espionage as a practice, calling into question one of the primary ways that both government entities and private security firms collect information.

Sadie is a round, complex character, and her ethics are only part of her identity. She is also sharply intelligent and highly educated. Her unfinished doctoral work gave her an insight into the history of intellectual production in 20th-century Europe, and this insight helps to make her an effective investigator in this particular case: Pascal and Bruno were both active in intellectual circles, and her knowledge of the ideological underpinnings of their movement is invaluable to her. Sadie is further depicted through some of her more problematic behaviors: She is prone to small acts of petty theft, she regularly consumes alcohol while driving, and she self-medicates with habit-forming anti-anxiety and insomnia medication. She views all this behavior as helpful to her work, arguing that driving while intoxicated and stealing hone her ability to focus and that self-medication is an effective way to decompress from her high-stress work. Sadie rejects conventional morality, even arguing that “[m]urder is understandable when you think about it. It’s human to want to annihilate your enemy” (28). She assumes that everyone is ultimately looking out for themselves, and this cynical view of human nature leads her to prioritize her own success over any more abstract value.

Although subtle, The Impact of Industrialized Agriculture also emerges as a key theme within this section. Sadie is investigating the Moulinards because they are thought to have been behind an act of industrial sabotage, and Kushner thus establishes industrialized agriculture and eco-terrorism as key narrative components. However, Kushner goes beyond that initial representation to show the impact that the transition from small farms to large-scale commercial agriculture is having on the region. Sadie notices signs of industrial growth everywhere: She sees large pieces of equipment and spends time at a truck stop, musing that the “real Europe” isn’t fancy cafés and pastries but a vast network of trucking and shipping operated by underpaid migrant workers with questionable legal status. She sees a Europe in flux, and that sea change is the result of modernization and industrialization.

Entrapment also emerges as a key motif within this section. Sadie recalls the case that got her fired from the FBI, and although she has no moral qualms about having used entrapment to secure charges against her target, her preoccupation with this case will run throughout the course of the entire narrative. Sadie’s willingness to break the law in order to achieve her work goals, although it got her fired from the FBI, has become an asset in the shadowy world of private security: She was hired on this particular case because her employers know her history. Here, too, Sadie’s characterization is a key focal point in the theme of the ethics of espionage. What bothers Sadie is not the crime that she herself committed but that it might come back to haunt her someday in the form of charges or a civil suit.

Lucien’s characterization is also a key focal point in these chapters. Although Kushner only portrays him through Sadie’s eyes and his entire characterization is, in fact, Sadie’s opinion of him, he does not emerge as a likeable figure. He is vain, ego driven, and self-important. He does not question Sadie’s interest in him or her willingness to marry him so quickly because he feels that he deserves her and that he is a “catch.” Additionally, Lucien lacks self-awareness and common sense. He cannot tell when he is being cheated by taxi drivers and is never truly aware of the way others perceive him. He does not pick up on Sadie’s obvious distaste for him, and he remains largely focused on himself.

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