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83 pages 2 hours read

Ellen Hopkins

Crank

Fiction | Novel/Book in Verse | YA | Published in 2004

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Chapters 1-40Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapter 1 Summary: “Flirtin’ With the Monster”

Content Warning: This section of the guide discusses drug use, substance use disorder, abortion, sexual violence, and rape, which feature in the source text.

According to Kristina, life was good enough before she “met / the monster” (1), or started consuming meth. Afterward, though, life became great, “at least / for a little while” (1).

Chapter 2 Summary: “Introduction”

Kristina directly addresses the reader, saying they probably want to know Kristina’s story and what made her turn to drugs. Why did she veer away from a steady path as a straight-A student into chaos?

Chapter 3 Summary: “Alone”

Kristina begins to answer the questions she posed in Chapter 2. Perhaps her move toward addiction began when she found herself increasingly isolated. Marie, her mother, is too busy chasing her own dream of being a writer. Her stepfather, Scott, is too strict, while her older sister, Leigh, is dealing with coming out. Her baby brother, Jake, is too young. Unable to connect with her family, Kristina can only relate to a more reckless part of herself, someone she calls Bree.

Chapter 4 Summary: “On Bree”

Kristina muses that Bree has always existed in her. She summons Bree when Kristina cries. She remembers the night when she first released Bree, dissolving the layer between rules and transgression.

Chapter 5 Summary: “More on Bree”

Kristina asks the readers not to make armchair diagnoses about Bree. Bree is not an imaginary friend or an invention or proof that Kristina has a particular mental health condition. Bree is real, the part of Kristina that is private, secret, and transgressive.

Chapter 6 Summary: “My Mom Will Tell You”

Marie, Kristina’s mother, will probably say the trouble began when a judge ordered that Kristina visit Marie’s ex-husband, Kristina’s biological father. Kristina’s father had not contacted her in eight years but now wanted a visit. Kristina persuaded her mother to let her go to Albuquerque, where her father lives, but Marie had her doubts, knowing her ex-husband was self-centered.

Chapter 7 Summary: “Aboard United 1425”

On the crowded, uncomfortable flight to Albuquerque, Kristina is seated next to a complaining, elderly man named Albert. Albert tells her he has been lonely since his wife died. Kristina thinks she has been alone since Marie met Scott, her stepfather.

Chapter 8 Summary: “Two Hours Into the Flight”

Albert dozes off, and Kristina’s mood mellows. Looking at Albert sleep, Kristina wonders if he has met his “Genevieve,” his soulmate, in his dream. Kristina reflects on childhood memories of her father, letting herself believe he has been waiting to see her all the eight years they were estranged.

Chapter 9 Summary: “Hot Landing”

The flight finally lands. The landscape outside is a blazing desert. Bidding goodbye to Albert, Kristina raises a mental toast to “part-time / relatives and / substitutes for love” (17).

Chapter 10 Summary: “The Prince of Albuquerque”

When Kristina spots her father at the airport, she is taken aback by how old he looks. She realizes she had been imagining him as he looked to her seven-year-old self: the handsome “Prince / of Albuquerque” (19).

Chapter 11 Summary: “Mutual Assessment”

Her father also has trouble recognizing Kristina. When he hugs her, a smell of cigarettes and old sweat engulfs her. Her father tells Kristina she has grown a lot, and Kristina wryly responds, “It’s been eight / years, Dad” (21).

Chapter 12 Summary: “I Got in a Car With a Stranger”

Kristina and her father have a stilted conversation on their way home. She tells her dad she is the same as always, hiding that she feels hormonal and confused and craves love.

Chapter 13 Summary: “Small Talk Shrank to Miniscule”

The car’s air conditioning is broken, and the heat from the open windows bothers Kristina. She does not like her father’s increasingly personal questions or when he lights a cigarette. Her father says he is free to smoke now that he is out of her mother’s control. Kristina feels disenchanted with her father, thinking of him as the “King of Cliché” (25).

Chapter 14 Summary: “You Call This a Castle?”

Kristina’s feelings of disappointment grow as she sees her father’s rundown apartment building, which he refers to as his “castle.” As she climbs up the stairs to the apartment, she runs into a young man.

Chapter 15 Summary: “Not My Type”

Kristina feels an instant attraction to the handsome boy, dressed only in cut-offs. He smiles at her. She notes to herself ironically that he is definitely not her type.

Chapter 16 Summary: “At Least I Had Something”

The thought that the young man lives in the same building as her dad gives Kristina hope for the summer. Her father’s apartment offers no relief, being as terrible as she had imagined.

Chapter 17 Summary: “Dad Had to Go to Work”

Kristina is surprised her father hasn’t taken the day off to be with her. Her father says his boss is strict but admits that he hasn’t told her that it is his daughter who is visiting. The boss thinks Kristina is a “long-lost relative.”

Chapter 18 Summary: “He Worked in a Bowling Alley”

Kristina’s father works off the books in a bowling alley so he can still claim his disability checks. He is sure no one will betray him because all the employees and customers at the alley have secrets of their own.

Chapter 19 Summary: “I Opted Out”

Kristina chooses to stay at the apartment rather than accompany her dad to the bowling alley.

Chapter 20 Summary: “Not Quite Silent”

In her father’s absence, Kristina explores his apartment. The rooms are empty and box-like. Tree branches brush against the windows. The walls are so thin that Kristina can hear the neighbors squabbling.

Chapter 21 Summary: “The Screaming”

The screams from next door remind Kristina of the fights between her parents before they got divorced. She remembers her father using ugly epithets against Marie and Marie calling him an unfit father. Though part of Kristina knows her mother was right, another part resents her for keeping her away from her father.

Chapter 22 Summary: “Of Course, When I Was Little”

In retrospect, Kristina understands that her mother was angry with her father because of his infidelity and addictions. But as a child, all she understood was that her mother had separated the children from their dad.

Chapter 23 Summary: “Okay, Over the Last Few Years”

As she’s grown up, Kristina has gained perspective on the situation. Her mother tried her best to raise Kristiana and Leigh on her own after the divorce. Scott brought stability to their lives, and Jake, her little brother, was born. Her father, on the other hand, always chose drugs over his family.

Chapter 24 Summary: “Dad Hadn’t Paid His Cable Bill”

Kristina turns on the TV and discovers her father hasn’t paid the cable bill. Bored, she steps out of the apartment and spots the boy she saw earlier, now flirting with a girl.

Chapter 25 Summary: “The Rules”

Kristina watches the couple from the shadows. The boy begs the girl for a kiss, and she responds that she is “not that kind of a girl” (44). She kisses him anyway until her mother calls her home. The girl promises the boy she will be intimate with him later. Kristina dubs the girl “Guinevere.”

Chapter 26 Summary: “She Went Inside”

Kristina is not sure whether she is sad or relieved that the boy has a girlfriend. She finds him attractive, but she has never kissed anyone. She is in no mood for a summer fling. If the boy did ask her out, she would not know how to respond.

Chapter 27 Summary: “I Must Have Moaned”

The boy pops up next to Kristina. He recognizes her and tells her he has been waiting for her. A nervous Kristina feels at a loss for words.

Chapter 28 Summary: “The Wind Blew Up”

The boy tells Kristina he has seen her looking at him. He thinks she is cute. He asks her for her name and Kristina replies, “Bree.”

Chapter 29 Summary: “Bree? Who Was She?”

At the time Kristina lied to the boy by saying her name was Bree, she had heard the name maybe once before in her life. The name came to her mind almost automatically. The boy’s name is Adam, though his friends call him Buddy. Kristina and Adam flirt.

Chapter 30 Summary: “I Wanted to Know Him, Too”

Emboldened by Bree, Kristina feels she can kiss Adam. Just then, Adam’s girlfriend calls out for him.

Chapter 31 Summary: “The Return of Guinevere”

Adam’s girlfriend comes up the stairs looking for him. She stares at Kristina with suspicion. Adam introduces the two. Guinevere’s real name is Lynx, or as Kristina privately dubs her, Lince. As Adam leaves with Lince, he whispers to Kristina that they will meet again soon.

Chapter 32 Summary: “That’ll Teach Me”

Kristina knows she should not covet someone else’s boyfriend but is very attracted to Adam. She steps inside her father’s apartment and spots an enormous cockroach in the kitchen.

Chapter 33 Summary: “Toss-and-Turn Night”

Kristina has trouble falling asleep alone in her father’s unkempt guest bedroom. She keeps seeing the kitchen cockroach in her head. She yearns for her clean and comfortable bedroom at home.

Chapter 34 Summary: “Through the Keyhole”

Picturing herself in a beautiful meadow where she sees mating wildcats, Kristina drifts off to sleep. She approaches the animals in her dream. When the female cat looks up, she has Kristina’s face.

Chapter 35 Summary: “So Much for Sleep”

Startled by the dream, Kristina wakes up drenched in sweat. She wanders into the kitchen and hears her father snoring loudly in the next room.

Chapter 36 Summary: “I Hid Out for Three Days”

Kristina spends the next three days sleeping in, like her father, and waking up to chat with him over food. He tells her he hasn’t dated much since the divorce. Though he wants to marry again, no woman has yet measured up to her mother. Kristina is startled by the confession.

Chapter 37 Summary: “I Even Spent Time at the Bowling Alley”

Kristina accompanies her father to the bowling alley in the evenings. She is surprised to see the same crowd at the alley every night. She realizes the regulars are there not just to bowl, but also to flirt with each other and possibly score drugs. Kristina has never thought about drug use in school. Now she notes her father may be using drugs as well.

Chapter 38 Summary: “He Hadn’t Changed After All”

Kristina reflects that her father has always smoked marijuana. As he told her, pot makes him happy and mellow. However, she observes that “the / white stuff” (67)—meth—is different. Her father stays up all night snorting “crank…the monster” (68), which makes him lose his appetite. Though crank is tough on the body, it gives him a great high.

Chapter 39 Summary: “You Fly Until You Crash”

After being high on meth for two days and two nights, one finally comes down and crashes badly.

Chapter 40 Summary: “Dad Crashed”

Kristina’s father crashes, sleeping for the entire day. Bored and lonely, Kristina goes to the corner store and runs into Adam.

Chapters 1-40 Analysis

One of the striking features of Crank is that it is written in broken free verse. Each chapter is a poem, its title the first line. The poems are laid out in different patterns on the page, often mirroring and amplifying the chapter’s theme. The line arrangements vary, with words spaced out in different ways to represent the dichotomy between two speakers or the speaker’s outer and inner self. For instance, in Chapter 6, Hopkins aligns Kristina’s narrative to the left and her mother’s version of events to the right to show how differently the women view Kristina’s court-ordered visit to her father.

I hadn’t seen Dad in eight years.
No calls. No cards. No presents.
                                                          He was a self-serving bastard (10).

These particular narrative choices mean the novel uses words as well as the visual play between typeface and the blank page to tell its story. Using fewer words than a traditional narrative and with minimum exposition, Hopkins immerses the reader in Kristina’s daily life. The effect is that the reader’s focus is concentrated on the many small choices that lead to Kristina’s substance use. The narrative shows rather than tells how an everyday life can become involved with addiction.

Kristina is the first-person narrator of the novel, and her family, friends, and others are all filtered through Kristina’s lens. Instead of making her story appear one-sided, this particular narrative convention helps underscore the gulf widening between Kristina and the others around her. The first-person narration also speaks to The Difficulty of Finding an Identity, a key theme throughout the novel. From the onset, Kristina makes a distinction between how she is perceived by others and how she sees herself, referring to this hidden, reckless part of herself as “Bree.” She clarifies that Bree is “no imaginary playmate / …No alter ego” (8). Bree is best understood as Kristina herself when she lowers her inhibitions. The switch from Kristina to Bree is complex because it involves both negative and positive aspects. Kristina refers to Bree negatively as a “vamp” and a troublemaker, but Bree can also be brave and a source of strength. Bree resists notions of what a “good girl” ought to be and thus rebels against the problematic sexual double standards for women in the late 1990s and early 2000s, the time in which Kristina grew up. For instance, Kristina’s father is fixated on the idea that Kristina might lose her virginity—a problematic phrase for one’s first sexual encounter—with Adam. Being a girl is associated with sexual danger, the threat of an unwanted pregnancy, and social censure. Kristina resents all these additional pressures, and Bree lets her escape them and be herself. The problem arises when the line between genuine courage and self-destructive behavior blurs. Kristina’s trouble recognizing these boundaries shows The Complex Nature of Addiction.

In these first chapters, the plot also establishes the many fault lines that contribute to a complex problem like addiction, introducing the theme of Family and Addiction. While Kristina seems to have a busy, productive life in Reno with her mother, stepfather, and siblings, her desire to see her father shows she misses his presence in her life. Marie, her mother, wants to protect her daughter from her ex, whom she fears may disappoint Kristina. Yet Kristina’s primal desire to see her parent is understandable. Marie’s inability to understand Kristina’s yearning for her father contributes to the growing rift between mother and daughter. Kristina also acknowledges that she has felt left out of her mother’s affection ever since her mother met Scott. She notes that since Scott, there has been “no nurture / no nourishment left for Kristina” (13). Kristina often refers to her mother as too devoted to the idea of perfection: “even more distant, / in her midlife quest for fame” (4). Scott too is “stern and heavy-handed / with unattainable expectations” (4). When Kristina does meet her biological father, she is hurt by his lack of attention. When she first meets him, she calls him “Daddy,” as she used to do when she was a child. By the time their first conversation is over, she has started referring to him as “Dad,” sensing the distance between them: “from daddy to dad / in thirty seconds. We were / strangers after all” (21). While on the surface, Kristina has a privileged life, on a deeper level she feels alienated from her family, which contributes to her move toward meth.

Kristina’s voice emerges as cynical, smart, and ironic. She is an astute observer, noting the squalor that makes up her father’s life, as well as the hypocrisy of grown-ups like her parents. The bitterness of Kristina’s voice shows that Hopkins is not trying to portray Kristina as a two-dimensional character. Like any real person, Kristina is three-dimensional, flawed, and complicated.

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