51 pages • 1 hour read
Jeff VanderMeerA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
John Rodriguez, most often referred to by his nickname “Control,” is the narrator and protagonist. Control is thoughtful, athletic, smart, power-hungry, prideful, observant, careful, non-committal, and logical. He describes himself as a “fixer” and enjoys problem-solving. Based on his love of solutions and his keen, smart perspective, Control believes he can enter new situations and point out areas of improvement. He wants to not only be able to command himself, but he craves the respect and power of leadership. Thus, his job as the director fits his personality well; in this role, Control immerses himself in a tough problem (solving Area X) and exercises his authority over others, though people like Grace do not listen to him. Being undermined upsets Control, as he yearns to be valued and admired like his powerful mother Jackie. Control often feels he has fallen short, especially after he failed in his first mission in the field.
Control's biggest flaw is his extreme need to be in control of his life. He wants his surroundings, cohorts, and even superiors to fit into his ideals, and for the people and environment to work with him, rather than against him. The hypnosis Control endures is a uniquely suited conflict for him, since being manipulated against his will goes directly against his requirement to have self-control. The fact he committed actions under someone else’s bidding makes him explode at The Voice, then engage in other destructive behaviors, such as binge drinking, to cope with the fact he was used. His need for control also makes him the perfect foil for Area X, which cannot be known or governed. Area X pushes him into losing his self-control often. Despite his best efforts and his intelligence, Control cannot figure out Area X or make an impact that makes any difference. Instead, Control becomes more on edge and disoriented with the pressure of Area X upon his shoulders. Control slowly loses his perception of control over himself or others. Though he resists that loss to his own psychological and physical detriment for most of the novel, he eventually learns to surrender.
Besides the work-related conflicts that force him to grow, Control must also face a personal dilemma when he chooses to put Ghost Bird above his mission’s goals. Though his military career has kept him from forming intimate relationships, his connection with Ghost Bird makes him realize he wants a meaningful connection. He only ever felt close to his father, and no one made him experience heartfelt emotions until Ghost Bird. He shares a compulsive, unique pull toward her that he does not understand, but he admits he cares for her, and Grace agrees: “‘You had [Ghost Bird] sent away?’ Said so quietly that Grace asked him to repeat it. ‘You had formed too much of an attachment. You were losing your perspective’” (267). Control’s relationship with Ghost Bird pushes him to find out his loyalties are not to his job or his past self—the one who needed to be in control, composed, and knowledgeable—but to be his new, free, risky self. He even takes the plunge into Area X, something he never would have done before meeting her. He comes to recognize that the bureaucracy and control he had clung to his whole life had been harming him and chooses the freedom of the unknown instead.
As Area X’s copy of the biologist, Ghost Bird is a duplicate of a human, but she is also her own intricate person. She functions as the catalyst for change for Control, as well as a possible friend or love interest. Like the biologist, Ghost Bird is highly observant, extremely smart, and terse. She does not like to use any more words than she has to. Her short answers and defiance make her a compelling foil to Control since he struggles to get her to cooperate and share her honest memories with him. Instead, she often turns the questions back on Control, ignores his words, remains silent, or states she does not know. As revealed later, Ghost Bird does not truly know the answers to many of his questions, since she did not inherit all the biologist’s memories: “I saw something bad. But I’m not quite sure what. A green flame. A shoe. It’s confused, like it’s in a kaleidoscope. It comes and it goes. It feels as if I’m receiving someone else’s memories” (172). Because her creation was different, maybe because the biologist was infected with brightness like no other human, she is not a full copy of the biologist. Thus, much of her internal struggle is to understand herself (theme of the unknown), and to find her real identity instead of basing who she is on remnants of the biologist her DNA was modeled after.
Ghost Bird’s journey centers around identity and liberation. Though she is concise, blunt, and defiant like the biologist, Ghost Bird has a warmer heart and a more intense desire to be free. While the biologist chose to stay in Area X to understand it and follow in her husband’s footsteps, Ghost Bird wants to return to Area X to know herself. As a doppelganger generated by Area X, Ghost Bird also embodies the themes of Unknown Forces: Cosmic Chaos and Transformation and Mutation. She both seeks and represents the mysterious forces that are transforming the world into an uncanny copy of itself. As she tells Control multiple times, she knows who she is not; she is not the biologist but a being like her. The differences are key, and Ghost Bird finally makes her point known at the end when Control believes her. She appreciates his friendship and the fact he wants to help her as a companion, not imprison her again. Ghost Bird’s journey is not complete: Her search for answers about her creation and selfhood continues in Acceptance.
The assistant director of the Southern Reach, Grace functions as Control’s main opponent for most of the novel. Grace is clever, manipulative, prideful, spiteful, persistent, and loyal to those she loves and admires, particularly the former director, Cynthia. She is extremely committed to her work, never giving up on her belief that they can solve Area X or that Cynthia, her beloved friend (and perhaps secret lover) will return. Despite others’ judgments of her, Grace remains steadfast in her faith that Cynthia is not dead, though normally she is very logical and data-driven: “‘It’s not a memorial because the director isn’t dead. I don’t believe she’s dead.’ She said this in a quiet but assured way, causing a hush from Whitby and Hsyu, as if Grace had shared an opinion that was an embarrassment” (101). Interestingly, Cynthia seems to be Grace’s only weakness in her battle against Control, and he doesn’t pry into this subject because he can see it hurts Grace too much. He keeps their battles more professional, but Grace attempts to humiliate him by making his past professional mistakes public.
Though she is an antagonistic force, Grace thinks she is working for the greater good and has a unique perspective about Area X. Like Cynthia, she thinks the phenomenon is not an enemy, but something they should accept. She believes Control can help them if he works with a clear perspective uncontaminated by too many theories, but she finds his insistence on knowledge frustrating. Unlike most other characters, Grace does not think Area X is a nemesis, so she is not scared of it. She is elated to see Cynthia bringing Area X to the Southern Reach. Instead of fleeing with Control, she disobeys him and willingly gives herself over to Area X’s environment. She joins Cynthia in a new form, rather than trying to stop Area X any longer. This is Grace’s act of resolution; she solves Area X by joining it, foreshadowing that Control will do the same in the end with Ghost Bird.