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65 pages 2 hours read

W.G. Sebald

Austerlitz

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 2001

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Pages 159-201Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Pages 159-180 Summary

The narrative turns to Austerlitz’s time in Prague:

The state archives building in Prague (pictured) reminds Austerlitz at once of a prison, an opera house, and a psychiatric institution. After struggling to communicate in Czech, Austerlitz meets an anglophone archivist, Tereza Ambrosová—a pale, 40-year-old woman. In her office, Tereza soothes Austerlitz after he becomes flustered trying to explain his mission. She assures him she’ll be able to complete a records search for the name Austerlitz by the following afternoon.

The next day, Austerlitz returns to the archives building, where he takes photos and Tereza gives him a short list of all Prague residents with his last name. He decides to visit an apartment where a former opera singer named Agáta Austerlitzová lived in 1938 because it’s the nearest address on the list. As Austerlitz walks through a labyrinth of alleys to the apartment, the sights and sounds evoke a flurry of long-repressed memories.

A woman named Vera Ryšanová answers the door of the apartment. She was friends and neighbors with Austerlitz’s parents—Agáta Austerlitzová and Maximilian Aychenwald—and was Austerlitz’s nanny. In shock, the two embrace.

Vera invites Austerlitz into the apartment, which she hasn’t changed since Austerlitz was last there. Vera begins telling Austerlitz about his parents, who lived together but never married. Maximilian dreamed of saving Czechoslovakia from the fascism overtaking Europe, and Agáta sang in the opera. Vera bonded with the couple over a shared love of French culture. When Vera switches from French to Czech—just as she and Austerlitz would when he was a child—he suddenly understands the language again.

Vera’s recollections of the time she and Austerlitz spent together dredge up many forgotten memories, such as how he would fall asleep to the sound of Vera reading in the next room: “I can still feel […] the sense of my consciousness dissolving among the poppies and leafy tendrils etched into the opaque glass of the door before I caught the slight rustle of the page turning” (174). Vera tells Austerlitz that since she’s become housebound, she’s increasingly begun recollecting their time together. Those memories blend with images from her own childhood; reminiscing makes Vera feel as she did when, as a child, she saw a diorama of a young Goethe in the Zillertal Alps, frozen in the moment of embarking through the Syrian desert.

The following morning, Austerlitz visits the Estates Theater, where Vera said Agáta made her opera debut in 1938. He struggles to remember the night of the dress rehearsal until someone sends a ripple through the stage curtain, conjuring visions of that lost night: He remembers waiting in bed for his mother to return from her shows. The smell of the theater would be on her when she kissed him goodnight. On their second meeting, Vera confirms the details of Austerlitz’s memory.

On his third day in Prague, Austerlitz visits the Seminar Garden, where he and Vera frequented. Looking out at the city, he sees the traces of its past, how it’s “veined with the curving cracks and rifts of past time, like the varnish on a painting” (179). He notices a similar pattern in the exposed roots of a chestnut tree (pictured), through which he liked to climb as a child.

After Austerlitz concludes this part of his story in the winter of 1997, he and the narrator sit in a deep silence before the gas fireplace on Alderney Street.

Pages 181-201 Summary

The narrator spends that night in 1997 in Austerlitz’s spare room. Along the windowsill, he finds seven Bakelite jars, each containing a moth’s remains. The next morning, Austerlitz recounts more of his first visit to Prague:

Vera tells Austerlitz about his parents. Agáta was an optimist, while Maximilian felt a growing dread with the rising tide of German nationalism: He recognized how naturally enthusiastic everyday Germans were about adopting the National Socialist ideology and recasting themselves as a chosen people called to a higher bidding out of their humiliation in World War I. Maximilian felt the incipient horror behind this collective will at the Nuremberg rallies, where, amidst the crowd that had “merged into a single living organism racked by strange, convulsive contractions, he had felt like a foreign body about to be crushed and then excreted” (185).

Soon, the first Jewish refugees arrived in Prague from Vienna, having been robbed and expelled by their fellow citizens. A day before the Germans took Prague, Maximilian fled to Paris; Agáta, for reasons left unexplained, remained in Prague with Austerlitz and tried in vain to emigrate under the increasingly restrictive law. After managing to evacuate Austerlitz on one of the kindertransport (the trains evacuating children to London), she became fatalistic about her prospects. Fear gripped Prague as the Germans began summarily executing people without reason, hanging their bodies along a rail adjoining the courtroom. Agáta reported with many others to an exhibition hall, from which the Germans then marched them onto trains.

After Vera finishes her story, she gives Austerlitz a 50-year-old photograph she found in a long-forgotten book by Balzac. The photo (which appears in the text as well as on the cover of this edition of Austerlitz) shows Austerlitz in a rough field, wearing an elaborate, white costume for a masked ball he was to attend with his mother, six months before she evacuated him. Vera says such photos hold a record of forgotten suffering: “small sighs of despair, gémissements de désespoir, was her expression, said Austerlitz, as if the pictures had a memory of their own and remembered us” (199).

When Austerlitz first sees the photograph that day in Vera’s apartment (and when he examines it in the following years), he can’t identify any part of himself. Staring at the photo, he feels as if the boy in the picture were asking him to avert his coming misfortune.

Pages 159-201 Analysis

Returning to Prague opens a window into Austerlitz’s past, as his travels around the city precipitate a chain of recognitions. In returning to his birthplace, Austerlitz begins regaining the self he lost when he arrived in Bala. This is symbolized in how he suddenly regains his native tongue, Czech, which he’d lost while living in Wales. His regained self also appears in his recollection of happy memories—such as falling asleep to the sound of Vera reading—that reveal his life wasn’t always miserable.

In his return to his birthplace, Austerlitz finds that his memories are stored in places, objects, and people. This theme, the dispersed nature of memory (particularly the memory of objects), appeared earlier in the text; for example, Austerlitz’s feeling that the steel column at the Pilsen train station remembered something of his past that he did not. Photography is a suitable hobby for Austerlitz, because, as Vera remarks, photos are records of emotions, as if they “had a memory of their own and remembered us” (199). The photograph of Austerlitz in his elaborate, white costume epitomizes this type of memory because it triggers no recognition in Austerlitz: The photo shows a time from his life that has seemingly vanished from his mind without a trace. It is a record of an utterly different life period that cannot be integrated into his present; perhaps this is because this period was too different from the rest of his life, or perhaps it is because the time involved such immense stress that it became dissociated from his conscious mind, like so much of his life.

The idea that there are memories not just in people but in places and objects contrasts with the Nazi’s campaign to obliterate all traces of an entire people in a eugenic quest for mythical purity. Maximilian saw what this campaign entailed when he attended one of the Nuremberg Rallies and, according to Vera, felt like an extraneous piece about to be excreted from the unified crowd. Just as the grandest buildings cost lives to build (like the lives lost to chemical poisoning during the construction of the Centraal Station’s giant mirrors), the Nazi spectacle of purity and resurrection concealed horror. This two-sidedness is exemplified in the contrast between the corpses Vera describes hanging next to the courtroom during German occupation and the candies Maximilian saw that came from a German village: “a new kind of boiled sweet which had, embedded in its sugary mass, a raspberry-colored swastika that literally melted in the mouth” (184). The sweets are the banal side of evil, the sugar-coated facade concealing the Holocaust.

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