40 pages • 1 hour read
Lauren GroffA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
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Years later, the world has deteriorated due to climate change: Coastal cities are unlivable, and thousands of refugees from Florida and New Orleans flood inland cities. Abe has created a stocked bunker in Bit’s basement—including a gun. Grete is 14 and temperamental. She comes home past curfew and drunk, and takes out her frustration on Bit. The phone rings and when Bit hangs up, he tells Grete to pack a bag. He was uninformed of Hannah’s ALS, and after a year of struggling with it, she and Abe wrote Bit a suicide note and overdosed on pills together. Abe is dead, but Hannah is in a coma. She wakes up from her coma, and Jincy and Astrid visit. They all return to Arcadia for Abe’s memorial service. Bit is both happy and disturbed to reunite with so many Arcadians. He walks around Arcadia, remembering his childhood. He wonders what to do about Hannah: Bit wants to take care of her but is also angry at her and Abe’s suicide attempt. Astrid helps him arrange a temporary move back to Arcadia, where a nurse, Luisa, has been hired to take care of Hannah; Grete will change schools.
An airborne virus that started in Indonesia (SARI) has now spread all over Asia, killing thousands instantly. Meanwhile, Hannah refuses to leave her bed; her nurse is stern but empathetic. Grete starts her new school. One day, she and Bit force Hannah out of bed and into a bathtub. Bit reminds Hannah that he’s supported her before, during Arcadian winters when she wouldn’t feed him. She says it’s cruel of him to force her to live, but he asks that she do for Grete’s sake. She slowly takes better care of herself, while Grete struggles at school. Her old friends grow tired of her tearful phone calls and stop answering. Jincy visits but warns Bit that they’ll all likely be quarantined soon. One night, when Luisa is off duty, Hannah struggles to breathe. Bit calls her doctor, a former Amish woman named Ellis. Ellis appreciates the beauty of Arcadia and is a good doctor to Hannah. Bit tells her Arcadia’s history, which she’s heard about through rumors: Recently, Leif disappeared during a high-altitude balloon ride, and since then, his company moved and Arcadia returned to wilderness. Ellis offers to perform more regular checkups, as she likes seeing Bit too. Hannah’s ALS symptoms worsen, but she finds joy in watching Grete run with her high school track team.
SARI spreads around the world, but Arcadia is safe in the wilderness. Gloria, an Amish librarian, arrives with a new computer designed for Hannah’s loss of speech. Gloria recalls Arcadia from her younger years, and how terrified the Amish community had been for the starving children. Ellis spends more time at Bit’s house, and the pair grow closer. Grete convinces Bit to run with her so he can start taking better care of himself. Hannah’s condition continues to worsen and despite the danger of going to a hospital, a public space, Luisa and Bit rush her to the emergency room when she starts choking on air. Bit meets Gloria’s husband, who recognizes Bit from their youth, when Bit and his Arcadian friends gave two Amish teenagers weed. Now, they smoke weed together as adults.
Hannah grows smaller and weaker, but even so, “her soul is rising to the surface. There is fire there, [Bit] sees. An ecstasy” (280). She tells Bit not to be afraid because she is not. Later, Bit and Ellis have sex. She openly admits she stays with the family for Bit, not Hannah. Astrid decides it’s time to end Hannah’s pain: She gives Hannah enough morphine to kill her. In the aftermath, a depressed Bit replays memories of his childhood in Arcadia, when he was happy and loved by many; some of these loved ones visit, but he stays in bed. A week later, Grete tells him that it’s time to return to the real world. The SARI pandemic is over, and Bit takes a final walk around Arcadia to relish his memories. Now hopeful, he brings Grete to Verda’s abandoned cabin.
Arcadia continues to serve as a microcosm of larger society, the world itself. The deterioration of Arcadia mirrors that of Earth, and vice versa. Climate change has led to unsustainability and a virus (SARI), but Bit is mentally prepared for both because of his unique childhood. With Earth’s destruction, both of Bit’s worlds fail and he must start anew—reinforcing the theme of Utopia Versus Reality. As for his personal life, Hannah and Abe attempt suicide due to Hannah’s ALS—which results in Abe’s death. While morbid, their suicide pact is in line with their lifelong love. But to Bit, the pact is yet another betrayal, another promise of abandonment—the first being Helle’s. While he has spent his life taking care of others, no one particularly takes care of him in adulthood. However, Hannah and Abe’s pact speaks to how difficult it is to live without health and purpose. They were once committed to Arcadia, but in their old age, they struggle to find a new reason to live. Their conflict reinforces the themes of Loss of Innocence and Nature Versus Nurture.
Part 4 comprises cycles of life and death, joy and grief. Hannah struggles with cyclical depression, and Bit remembers being helpless in the face of it as a child. These cycles are important because they challenge the notion of change. Grete navigates changes such as the absence of her mother, the death of her grandfather, and the move to Arcadia. She eventually finds comfort in running, which is both exhausting and rewarding; with pain comes growth, and with growth comes joy. During quarantine, various characters prove there is still community and kindness in the world. Gloria, an Amish librarian, helps take care of Hannah out of empathy, and her husband turns out to be one of the Amish boys who once smoked weed with Bit. This reunion culminates in him and Bit smoking weed as adults, a testament to small moments of joy. Bit also falls in love with Hannah’s doctor, Ellis, who is eager to take care of him. They begin a promising relationship, providing Bit with a new life amid death.
Hannah’s death is a symbolic moment, as she has been the foundation of Bit’s world. Now, he must move on and continue building a new life. Hannah’s death is also his final connection to Arcadia: With her death, there is no reason to return. Bit comes to terms with this by reexploring Arcadia, which has returned to wilderness in Leif’s absence. This new version of Arcadia embodies its original vision: a safe haven from the Outside, with untouched nature. Without humans trying to make Arcadia their home, it has become its ideal self, an irony paralleled by humans’ destruction of Earth. In the end, Bit says goodbye to his past and focuses on the future, as represented by Grete. She proves more adaptable than Bit was at her age because she has been exposed to various experiences rather than one lifestyle. This means she can successfully navigate the pains and stresses of life. Despite her frustration, Grete embodies a more secure version of Bit and Helle. Ultimately, the future is not to be found in societies, idyllic or not, but the power of the individual.
By Lauren Groff
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Childhood & Youth
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Nature Versus Nurture
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