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26 pages 52 minutes read

David Mamet

American Buffalo

Fiction | Play | Adult | Published in 1975

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Act IAct Summaries & Analyses

Act I Summary

Act I takes place mid-morning at Don’s Resale Shop in a downtown location of an unnamed city. The resale shop is home to various odds and ends. Donny, a man in his late 40s, and Bobby, a teenager, are in the back of the shop. They discuss Bobby’s failure to attend to a customer’s exit via the store front, as instructed. Donny lectures Bobby on the importance of doing good business, which he explains, in punctuated examples, involves being a man of action. To illustrate his point, Donny invites Bobby to think about a man named Fletcher, who, according to Donny, could end up running a town with only a nickel in his pocket.

They discuss the poker game from the previous night. Donny explains how Fletcher and Ruthie won considerable amounts of money. Bobby asks how Teach did, and Donny replies that he didn’t do well. Donny assures Bobby that one can learn to be good at something like business. When Bobby suggests that Fletcher once conned Ruthie out of a piece of pig-iron, Donny says that such was an act of business, which should not be confused with friendship.

Teach enters in a fit of rage, aimed at Ruthie, who he just saw at The Riv next door. He is angered at how she sarcastically invited him to help himself to a piece of toast from her breakfast plate. Teach claims that he never treats his friends in such a way. Instead, he often treats them to food and drink during poker games, but—unlike Ruthie—he does not seek recognition for it.

Donny tries to calm Teach down and sends Bobby to The Riv for breakfast. Donny asks for a Boston donut and a plain yogurt, and invites Teach and Bobby to get something. Teach reluctantly orders bacon, and Bobby leaves to get the food. When Bobby comes back, he has forgotten the coffee. He claims to have seen “the guy”, a previous customer who bought a buffalo nickel and a potential mark for theft, putting a suitcase in his car. Don questions Bobby further about what the man was wearing before sending Bobby back out for the coffee.

When Bobby is out, Teach complains that The Riv consistently messes up his orders, that his bacon is too burnt. Teach presses Bobby for details about the man with the suitcase. Donny dismisses Teach’s question, insisting that he needs to make a phone call. During the call, he asks the man on the other line whether he would be interested in “some of that stuff” (48). After hanging up, Donny explains that recently a man (the same man Bobby claimed to see with the suitcase) was in his store picking up odds and ends, including a buffalo nickel for which he offered $50. Donny refused to let the nickel go for $50, though it seems that he had—and still has—no idea what the nickel’s value was. After some negotiation, the man bought the nickel for $90. Donny says that the man returned the next day and asked if Donny had any similar items, and that Donny should call him if any come in.

Though neither Donny nor Teach know much about the nickel, they both assume that it is worth five times the amount the man paid for it. Thus, they justify planning a heist to steal it back and sell it for more money. Donny says that the man on the phone was a coin collector whose number he was given by a mutual poker-playing friend, Earl. Donny explains that Bobby has been following the man, as they plan to steal the nickel back. Teach insists that Bobby is too unreliable to be counted on for the heist. Teach says that this promises to be a major heist, potentially requiring cracking a safe. They should steal more than just the coin, like cash and other objects. Teach confidently proposes that he is the man for the job, and that Donny’s loyalty to Bobby is excessive.

Bobby returns from his coffee errand. Teach insults Bobby to demonstrate his incompetence to Donny. Before leaving, Bobby requests $50 from Donny as a deposit on the heist. Because Teach has convinced Donny that Bobby is unfit, Donny tries to dismiss Bobby, offering to give him $20 for spotting the man with the suitcase. Bobby explains that he needs $50, and, to rush him out of the store, Donny agrees to give it to him. Donny tells Bobby that the proposed theft is canceled.

Teach is pleased that Donny has dismissed Bobby from the job. Teach shows his cunning by picking up a book of coins and quizzes Donny on the value of select items. Donny insists that Fletcher, who has street smarts, be a back-up for the theft. Teach resists this idea, but eventually agrees. The two men will meet back at the shop between 10:30 and 11:00 p.m. Donny plans to call Fletcher and Teach goes to his hotel.

Act I Analysis

The play’s two-act structure features dense plot developments and rapid dialogue. Only three characters appear on stage throughout the play, all of whom are introduced in the first act. The play is characterized more by language than by action and opens mid-conversation, lending a sense of reality to the fictitious world. The play’s lines in isolation mean very little. There are no extensive monologues, yet, when pieced together, the play explores the complexity of human emotion and relationships. Donny, for example, is not simply good or bad. He plans a theft while also showing care for others.

Donny takes pride in the “junk” in his shop, seeing the best in it. Such is also the way that Donny treats fellow humans. Donny defends Bobby from Teach’s attacks: “You know the fucking kid’s clean. He’s trying hard, he’s working hard, and you leave him alone” (61). Donny is inclined to see the best in others, including Ruthie. The way that Donny helps others achieve their potential mirrors the way he curates objects. As a resale shop owner, Donny traffics in items that may once have been greatly valued, and may be valued again. Their value, just as the value of people, is subjective.  

Teach is Donny’s foil. A foil is a character who highlights traits of the protagonist or another character by having different or opposing qualities. Teach furiously enters the shop, dismissive of the objects around him. He is enraged, shouting obscenities: “Fuckin’ Ruthie, fuckin’ Ruthie” (21). While Donny is a man who values other people and their artifacts, Teach disparages both.

After his diatribe against Ruthie, the reader may notice the irony of Teach’s claim that he “ha[s] always treated everybody more than fair, and never gone around complaining” (24). His insecurity makes him suspicious of others. He calls Donny’s tight-fisted customers “a bunch of fucking thieves” (36). Mamet’s sparse dialogue affirms Teach’s dismissive attitude toward both items and his acquaintances.

Business is a central theme in the play. Donny, in a well-intentioned way, tries to educate Bobby in the ways of business, claiming that “business is […] people taking care of themselves” (19). Teach is equally preoccupied with the idea of business. When he feels threatened by Donny’s plan to involve Bobby in the coin heist instead of himself, he tells Donny  not to “confuse business with pleasure” (60), referring to Donny’s empathy for Bobby.

Irony permeates the close of the first act: The young—and, according to Teach, wayward—protégé Bobby has been the only one to successfully transact any discernible businesses: He successfully gets $50 from Donny. The audience recognizes both Bobby’s quiet shrewdness and Donny’s generosity when Bobby says, “I need fifty, Donny” and Donny replies, “Well, I’m giving you forty” (71). Bobby further pushes for $50. To Donny’s remark that “that’s not the deal,” Bobby suggests, “We could make the deal” (72). Donny, in a rush to hasten Bobby’s departure from the shop, gives him the $50. Though he is a novice, Bobby demonstrates his subtle business acumen and power of persuasion. Unlike Teach, he is able to coerce others without them realizing they are being duped.

By centering the play’s conflict on the losses of a single poker game, Bobby’s efforts to make a $50 profit, and a literal nickel, Mamet emphasizes the role of economic opportunity in the lives of these three American men from three different generations. None of the characters is wealthy, yet all three men imagine themselves as potentially rich if they can only be cunning enough about the right opportunities. Through this dynamic, Mamet suggests a connection between wealth, insecurity, and masculinity in America. Teach, Donny, and Bobby each define their identity and sense of masculinity by their economic potential. Teach, the eldest, is frustrated by his poker loss (especially to Ruthie, a gay woman and symbolic threat to his masculinity from Teach’s anti-gay biased perspective), and that Donny would offer Bobby, the youngest, the opportunity to make money by stealing back the buffalo nickel over him. Donny, solidly in middle age, attempts to claim expertise in navigating his economic and cultural landscape; he is caught between loyalty to Teach and responsibility to Bobby, the next generation. Bobby, meanwhile, struggles to navigate the economic landscape that Donny explains to him. Bobby is eager for Donny’s approval, even to the point of deceiving him, as will become clearer in Act II.

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