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66 pages 2 hours read

Francine Rivers

A Voice in the Wind

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 1993

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Part 3, Chapters 3-6Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Part 3: “Rome”

Chapter 3 Summary

Decimus Vindacius Valerian, a wealthy merchant, and his son Marcus discuss the future of the Roman Empire. Rocked by incompetent and self-serving leadership and fending off rebellion from the outside, the Empire “was on her knees” (44). With the acclaimed general Vespasian recently anointed Emperor, the elites have high hopes that he can restore stability, and Decimus tries to persuade his son to pursue a political career and become part of the new order of Rome!” (45). Marcus, however, eschews politics in favor of wealth, a “common” desire and less honorable than the Senate in the eyes of his father. Despite his father’s disapproval, Marcus proves to be an astute negotiator, courting the favor of a would-be Senator in exchange for future political favors. However, Decimus frets over his son’s hedonism and the way he uses his natural gifts for wealth and pleasure rather than for the good of the Empire.

Chapter 4 Summary

Marcus walks through the loud, foul-smelling streets to visit his friend, Antigonus. Over wine and food, they discuss the fall of Jerusalem and the ferocity with which the Jews defended their homeland. Later, Marcus and Arria, his current lover—though he has grown tired of her company—stroll through Antigonus’s garden admiring the statues. They argue when she accuses him of infidelity with a Senator’s wife. She tries to seduce him, but he no longer has an appetite for her charms. They return to Antigonus’s parlor where Marcus and his friend solidify agreements that will make Marcus even richer than his father.

Chapter 5 Summary

By the time Titus reaches Antioch, fewer than half of his Jewish captives remain alive. Most have died from hunger, from sickness, or in makeshift gladiatorial contests along the way. Hadassah is one of the few survivors. Standing before an Ephesian slave trader, she is inspected for possible servitude in a Roman temple, an ignominious fate, serving a pagan god. A Roman soldier dissuades the slaver from purchasing her, a gesture for which she is grateful. However, the next day, she is bought by a Greek slaver as a domestic servant.

Hadassah and the other enslaved women are led to the docks and loaded onto a ship. Forced down to the lower decks, one of the women is sexually assaulted by another prisoner, and Hadassah offers her comfort. Days and nights pass in the fetid darkness. Hadassah prays for relief. When the ship encounters rough seas, the captives panic, fearing they will drown. As bodies jostle in the ship’s hold, Hadassah is knocked against a beam and falls unconscious. When she awakens, she and another woman share food and pray, until the woman realizes Hadassah is Christian, not Jewish. Angered, she moves away, leaving Hadassah alone.

Once offloaded from the ship, Hadassah is taken to the baths where she is deloused and scrubbed clean. She is dressed, collared, and taken to the slave market where she is auctioned off to the highest bidder, but he immediately regrets his purchase, so he leaves her with another group of enslaved women bound for Rome. 

Chapter 6 Summary

Atretes is unloaded from a cart and put on display. Beaten for his multiple escape attempts but not cowed, Atretes surveys his situation. Chained and confined behind thick walls and iron doors, escape seems unlikely. After some haggling, a merchant Scorpus buys Atretes for his personal gladiatorial games. As he is unchained from the other captives, Atretes lunges for Malcenas, the slave trader who sold him, but Scorpus’s guards subdue him. Scorpus orders Atretes—now his property—to take the “oath of a gladiator” (86), and any disobedience will be punishable by beatings or death. Atretes remains defiant.

After Atretes is branded and locked in a tiny cell, claustrophobia nearly overwhelms him. He tries to hold on to his rage as a bulwark against the fear. Two days in a lice-infested cell with no food or water does not break his spirit, and he cries to Tiwaz, the German war god, for strength. Days pass in darkness until Atretes is dragged from his cell, given water, and thrown into a bath. One of the guards, a former enslaved German himself, tells Atretes he can earn his freedom by fighting in the gladiatorial games as he himself has done, but Atretes is unconvinced.

The next morning, Atretes and a group of other men are brought before Tharacus for gladiator training. Tharacus tests Atretes’s fighting ability, but the long march, the lack of food and water, and days spent in a cramped cell have weakened him, and Tharacus bests him easily. He then coerces Atretes, under threat of castration, to take the gladiator oath. Atretes complies and is assigned to another officer for physical conditioning. After morning training, the men undergo an agility test; it involves dodging sheathed swords spinning on a large, wooden wheel. Atretes does well until he loses his focus for a moment, a sword slamming into his face and breaking his nose. After his nose is reset and the bleeding stopped, he returns to training, easily outpacing his fellow trainees. That night, Atretes ponders his fate: destined to kill, not for honor or self-defense, but for the entertainment of his enslavers.

Chapter 3-6 Analysis

After the harrowing siege of Jerusalem and a vicious battle in the forests of Germania, Rivers takes her readers into the heart of the Roman Empire: the city of Rome itself. Seen through the eyes of wealthy merchants, Decimus and Marcus, the heart of the empire is ailing, beset by decadence, greed, and corrupt leaders. It is rotting from the inside, yet its massive war machine remains intact, fending off rebellion and expanding its territory. Rivers’s Rome is a stratified society, where the “soft,” wealthy elites gorge themselves on the spoils of their Empire while the hardened soldiers—many of them former enslaved captives who have earned their freedom—do the dirty work, fighting the battles and dying in the arenas for the entertainment of the wealthy. The contradictions within the Roman Empire were enormous. Both a brutal enforcer of its own laws and customs and a multicultural melting pot that allowed diverse traditions and religions to spread across an enormous swath of Europe and the Middle East, the Empire survived civil war and feckless leadership “to embrace hundreds of cultures, and till the soil from which western civilization would grow” (“The Roman Empire in The First Century.” PBS. 2006. pbs.org).

Rivers’s two protagonists, Hadassah and Atretes, suffer the indignities and physical abuse that come with enslavement under Roman law. Captured enemy soldiers and enslaved civilians forced into labor to build their oppressor’s empire are nefarious truths of human history. The Egyptian, Greek, Chinese, and British empires all relied on slave labor, and it is doubtful the United States would have grown its economy so quickly without the labor of enslaved Africans. Rivers views these historical atrocities through the experiences of Hadassah and Atretes, and whose hardships and suffering expose the brutality of the Roman Empire’s vast machinery. Whether forced into sex work or into a fight to the death, the lives of these characters—and by extension, all those chained to the wheel of servitude—illustrate the harsh inequities of life in the ancient world and the resilience of the oppressed. For Hadassah, this resilience is embodied by her faith, shaky though it may be. Atretes, meanwhile, is driven by his thirst for vengeance. In both cases, survival is the only option, either because Hadassah’s god has not called her yet, or because Atretes will not concede death without honor. These two protagonists seemed destined to survive their trials and live on for a higher purpose.

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