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64 pages 2 hours read

Ruth Ozeki

A Tale For The Time Being

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 2013

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Chapter 33-EpilogueChapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapter 33 Summary: “Nao”

Nao asks if the reader is still there and says that she understands if the reader has given up on her by this point since, after all, she gave up on herself. Nao explains that just as she is sitting on the bench, feeling hopeless and invisible, her dad appears. She is shocked to see her dad still alive since she had thought that he had gone to commit suicide. He asks why she didn’t tell him that Jiko was dying. She replies: “I thought you were dead” (360). When they get to the temple, Jiko is still alive, and many people are there to see her one last time. Before dying, Jiko follows the Zen master tradition of writing a final poem before she dies. With Muji’s help, she writes a single Japanese character that means “to live” (362). Soon after, Jiko dies peacefully in the company of Muji, Nao, and her grandson. Nao helps Muji wash Jiko’s body and dress her in a special white kimono. Nao’s mom arrives to attend the funeral, and all the guests have a chance to say goodbye to Jiko and give her presents to take with her into the afterlife. After the funeral, they take her body to the crematorium in town.

Back at the temple, Nao’s mom goes to help the nuns finishing cleaning up, and Nao is left alone with her dad. Nao shows him the box where Haruki #1’s remains were supposed to go and tells him about the letters. To her surprise, she opens the box to find a notebook written in French that she has never seen before. She and her dad resolve to take the diary home with them and work on translating it together. Before they leave, Nao’s dad says to her: “It’s like Grandma Jiko wrote, Nao-chan. We must do our best […] We must live, Naoko!” (368-9). 

Chapter 34 Summary: “Ruth”

Ruth has gone to visit her mother’s grave in Whaletown and thinks back to her mother’s death. After her mother was cremated, they took her ashes and buried them in the cemetery in Whaletown near their house. Later, Ruth and Oliver visit Muriel. Muriel is surprised to hear that Ruth has not yet finished reading the diary. Ruth explains that the ending keeps changing; sometimes there are new entries and sometimes there aren’t. Suddenly, they spot Pesto the cat, who has been attacked and badly hurt. Oliver is clearly upset but refuses to take Pesto to the mainland with Ruth because he is certain he will die anyway. Ruth finally convinces him to go with her on the ferry to take Pesto the vet.

Ruth receives another email from the professor at Stanford informing her about an email from his friend “Harry” in Japan. In this email, Harry tells the professor that he has gotten through his “trouble times” (381) and that he and his family are doing well. His wife still works at the textbook company, and his daughter ended up getting a “good scholarship for an international high school in Montreal” (382). Harry succeeded in launching a new start-up, “which is an online encryption and security system called Mu-Mu Vital Hygienics” (382). He invented the system to help his daughter erase the horrifying videos that her classmates posted of her on the Internet. As a result, Naoko was able to make a fresh start in Canada. The system works by sending a “spider” to erase all evidence of a person’s existence on the Internet over time; the most complex method available can even travel through times and worlds to erase all evidence of a person’s past. With this system the need for suicide disappears because the Mu-Mu spider “can neatly undo you if you stop wanting to be” (383). 

Chapter 35 Summary: “Nao”

Nao begins the last section of her diary by remarking on how much she will miss the reader, even though they have never met. She is almost at the end of the À la recherche du temps perdu notebook and will have to wrap up her story. After Jiko’s funeral, her dad takes her to Disneyland. When they get home, they work together on reading Haruki #1’s diary with the help of a graduate student studying French poetry. They are surprised to learn that Haruki #1 did not actually carry out the suicide mission but instead “flew into the waves” so he would not cause any more suffering. After reading the diary, her dad begins to cry uncontrollably and tells her about how he lost his job in Sunnydale because of his concerns about the weapons he was helping to design. He understands how his uncle felt because he too did not want to contribute to the suffering of his country’s enemies. Nao decides to tell her dad everything that happened to her while she was being bullied by her classmates. He starts spending his days working on computer programming, his true “superpower” (389). Nao now knows that she and her dad are no longer contemplating suicide, and she has resolved to buy a new blank book and write the story of Jiko’s life. She ends the diary by stating that she has just found out that Marcel Proust wrote not only À la recherche du temps perdu but also Le temps retrouvé (Time Regained). 

Chapter 36 Summary: “Ruth”

Ruth has finally finished reading Nao’s diary. She and Oliver have returned from the mainland with Pesto, who has been treated for his injuries and is recovering. Ruth says to Oliver that it seems as if the Jungle Crow led her back in time to stop Nao’s dad from committing suicide and put Haruki #1’s secret diary in the box on Jiko’s altar. She knows it doesn’t sound rational, she believes that this may have happened, as improbable as it seems. Ruth then asks Oliver if he believes that Nao’s dad’s computer program, which erases people’s existence across time and worlds, could be possible. Oliver replies that there is still a lot that we don’t know about quantum information and “the quantum theory of multiple worlds has been around for the last half century” (395). Haruki #2 may have “figured out how to build his Q-Mu and get objects in that world to interact with this one” (395). When Ruth is confused, Oliver reminds her of Schrödinger’s Cat, the thought experiment for which their cat is named. Schrödinger proposed a scenario in which a cat in a box could be simultaneously dead and alive until the moment when it is observed. Oliver explains that some people have interpreted this to mean that the cat simultaneously exists in two different worlds—one in which it is alive and one in which it is dead. There could therefore be multiple worlds in which events in their lives and the lives of Nao and her family turn out differently. Oliver then asks her if she is happy with him and in this world. Ruth replies: “Yes, I suppose I am. At least for now” (401).

Epilogue Summary

The Epilogue begins: “You wonder about me. I wonder about you” (401). It soon becomes clear that Ruth is writing the epilogue to Nao. She writes: “I picture you now, a young woman of…twenty-six? Twenty-seven? [...]Maybe in Tokyo. Maybe in Paris in a real French café, looking up from your page while you search for a word […] Wherever you are, I know you are writing” (402). The narrator writes that she suspects Nao is now in graduate school, “studying history, writing your dissertation on women anarchists in the Taisho Democracy, or the Instability of the Female ‘I’” (402). Ruth admits that she doesn’t know why she is writing since she knows that Nao does not want to be found. However, Ruth continues: “[I]f you ever change your mind and decide you’d like to be found, I’ll be waiting […] You’re my kind of time being, too” (403). She signs the epilogue “Yours, Ruth” (403).

Chapter 33-Epilogue Analysis

When Nao’s diary resumes, we learn that Haruki #2 did go to find Nao and visit Jiko on her deathbed, just as Ruth told him to do in the dream. The final poem that Jiko writes on her deathbed, a tradition among Zen Buddhist masters, is a message to her grandson and great-granddaughter—the single Japanese kanji “to live.” After Jiko’s funeral, Nao’s dad says to her that they must listen to Jiko and do their best to live, rather than turning to suicide as a solution to their problems.

Nao and her dad also discover Haruki #1’s secret French diary in the box where Ruth places it in her dream. When they get back to Tokyo, they work on reading it together. This project brings them closer together, especially after they learn that Haruki #1 didn’t fly his plane into an enemy battleship. This discovery prompts Nao’s dad to tell her about how he was fired because of his ethical concerns about the software he was developing for the weapons industry. Because of this experience, he understands how his namesake felt about not wanting to perpetuate further violence and aggression. Nao then confides in her dad about the bullying and the assault she experienced at the hands of her classmates. Later, the email the Stanford professor sends Ruth inadvertently reveals that Nao’s experiences with bullying go on to inspire Haruki #2 to start programming again and develop a highly successful encryption software that can erase all evidence of a person’s existence in cyberspace.

By the end of the novel, Nao and her dad have each found a new purpose in life: her dad has gone back to computer programming and Nao has resolved to finally write Jiko’s life story. In the final pages of her diary, Nao reveals that she is now committed to embracing life and the present moment. She has also learned that Proust wrote not only In Search of Lost Time but also Time Regained. Instead of worrying about losing the past, Nao has chosen to focus on what can be gained in “the now.”

As Ruth reaches the new end of Nao’s diary, she remains puzzled by her dream, the changing endings of the diary, and an uncanny sense that she may have had a role in shaping Nao’s narrative. When she raises these questions with Muriel, Muriel proposes two theories for what might be happening, both of which involve supernatural or surreal twists. Her first theory is that the Jungle Crow is Ruth’s totem animal, which came “from Nao’s world to lead you into the dream so you could change the end of her story. Her story was about to end one way, and you intervened, which set up the conditions for a different outcome” (376). Muriel’s second theory is that “it’s not about Nao’s now” (377), it’s about Ruth’s. Perhaps Ruth can’t finish reading until she has caught up with herself and her own story. Ruth observes that she doesn’t like the idea “of having that much agency over someone else’s narrative” (377). The fact that Nao’s and Ruth’s stories end up being interconnected calls attention to the way in which both writers and readers are needed to make literary narratives work. In many ways, A Tale for the Time Being functions as a metaphor for the act of writing a novel. The multiple possible endings of Nao’s story—and Ruth’s ability to alter the character’s fate—mirrors the many possible endings of fictional stories and the author’s agency of her characters. In this way, the novel once again blurs the lines between fiction and reality.

Oliver proposes another answer to how multiple possible endings of Nao’s story may exist. When Ruth asks him if he thinks that different worlds exist, he reminds her about the famous thought experiment Schrödinger’s Cat. According to quantum physics, a particle exists in all its possible states until it is observed and measured. To demonstrate just how strange this behavior is, Schrödinger proposed a thought experiment in which a cat is placed in a closed box with a radioactive material that has a 50% chance of decaying and killing the cat. According to the laws of quantum mechanics, however, the cat would be simultaneously dead and alive until it is observed. Although common sense tells us that cat will either live or die, quantum physics tells us that it would do both until the moment of observation. Oliver goes on to explain that quantum mechanics have been used to justify the many worlds theory, which holds that anything that can happen in the universe does happen. According to many worlds theory, a split in the universe would occur when the box is opened, and Schrödinger’s cat would be alive in one world and dead in another. Oliver thus suggests that quantum mechanics may in fact justify the idea that there are many worlds and Nao’s story, as well as his and Ruth’s story, may have turned out differently in each of them.

The Epilogue, which is written by Ruth in the first-person and addressed to Nao, reverses the roles of reader and writer as Nao becomes the reader that Ruth is addressing. As she writes to Nao, Ruth imagines the possible courses that Nao’s life might have taken, just as Nao often imagines what her future reader will look like. The fact that Ruth writes this epilogue concluding the novel raises questions about whether the character Ruth has written the entire novel, including the third-person sections, or whether Nao has now become a character in her latest novel. The reader is left wondering if Ruth’s memoir about her Japanese mother’s struggles with Alzheimer’s has gradually morphed into a new novel that still contains autobiographical elements. 

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