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59 pages 1 hour read

John le Carré

A Perfect Spy

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 1986

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Chapters 4-6Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapter 4 Summary

In his letter to Tom, Pym describes Lippsie, a Jewish German woman. She was a teacher and general assistant at the boarding school Pym attended as a student. One day, she was found dead at the foot of a tower on school property. Her death greatly shook Pym, who then was “ten years and three terms of boarding-school old” (65). Lippsie was friends with Pym’s parents, Rick and Dot. Pym remembers how Rick drew Lippsie into his various schemes even though she shouted at him that she’d “rather die than be a thief” (66). Pym recalls that Rick accumulated a large amount of money and spent it on “a string of shiny racehorses” (67) and fast cars. The family lived in numerous places across Europe, and Lippsie often went with them, as though she were trapped in Rick’s “gilded prison.” Although Pym didn’t know it then, Lippsie was one of many women with whom Rick manipulated for his own benefit. Like many other women, Lippsie conducted an affair with Rick. Pym recalls one night when the police cut the electricity to the house and raided Rick’s paperwork and files, which Rick blamed on "a temporary problem of liquidity" (71). Rick used Pym to hide his important papers and was then arrested and taken to prison. After the police leave, Lippsie appears. She had been in hiding when he was taken away. Pym didn’t realize it then, but as a Jewish German woman, she’d seen family members taken away by the Nazis.

After Rick’s arrest, Pym and Dorothy moved to a new house. To his surprise, Pym felt “refreshed and freed of an intolerable burden” (72). They returned to Devon, and Dot began to show signs of a mental health condition. Lippsie wasn’t with them, although Pym thought of her often and tried to write to her. Eventually, Dot was taken to a psychiatric hospital, and Pym was left with his aunts. After experiencing health problems of his own, Pym reunited with his recently released father. Lippsie was with Rick, and Pym was happy to be returned to her. Rick and his friends became “crusaders through wartime Britain” (77), running schemes and smuggling to make money during World War II. Lippsie sank into a “deepening melancholy” as news of the Holocaust reached Britain, and she feared for her family’s well-being. Rick moved on to other women, but Pym never forgot about Lippsie. Rick began to involve Pym in his schemes until being conscripted into the Army, even though he thought he’d bribed his way out of the obligation to fight. Pym was sent to the boarding school near the Army barracks where Rick trained. Lippsie took a job at the same school, and Pym was delighted to see his “lovely lifelong Lippsie again” (83). At school, Pym learned how to lie and be inconspicuous. After an argument with Rick, Lippsie was seen crying, and her body was found at the foot of the tower. After her death, Pym burned all the letters he ever received from her. Amid his pain and trauma, he learned how to “live on several planes at once” (87). Her death turned him into a self-reliant person who believed women were fickle. He learned to mimic his father’s confidence and scheming and decided to become “a secret mover of life’s events” (87). Rick disappeared, and Pym learned many important lessons from his father’s criminal associates. During this wartime period, Pym developed an interest in Joseph Stalin, who—unlike the other leaders of the Allied forces—“neither sulked nor preached” (88).

Chapter 5 Summary

Jack is told to extract a “voluntary but formal” (89) statement from Mary. She tells him about the family holiday on Lesbos. In her recollection, Pym led the family with excitement to a villa on the Greek island, while Mary felt herself bristling with negative feelings, viewing herself as a “traitor.” They traveled under the name Pembroke, though Pym was reluctant to tell Tom about this secret identity. Pym had proposed the long trip as an opportunity to “live life for a change instead of acting it” (93). Mary remembers that he was frustrated by a recent intelligence sharing operation set up between the British and American governments that he believed would never work. However, Jack reveals that the Americans “objected” to Pym’s involvement, just as they did to his presence in Washington earlier. Disliking Americans, Jack refused to remove Pym from the operation, which was shaping up as one of the most comprehensive intelligence sharing schemes in postwar history. Jack says that he ordered Pym to take an extended family holiday, resulting in the Lesbos trip.

Mary returns to telling the story of the trip to Greece. First, they stayed on the Greek island of Corfu with her Aunt Tab, and Pym seemed “closer to Tom than he had ever been” (95). Eventually, however, Pym decided that Corfu was “too damn idyllic” (96) to facilitate his writing ambitions. After they left the island, Tom revealed that Pym’s announcement was preceded by his meeting a mysterious man at a cricket match. Mary became frustrated when Pym refused to discuss the man with her. In Athens, Tom became sick, and Pym stayed in to write for almost a week before he began making unexplained trips outside the hotel. One night, he didn’t return to the hotel, and two days later, Mary found him drunk in a tavern. When she caught him in a lie, Pym told an elaborate story about a former Czechoslovakian agent (with whom he worked in the past) accosting him on the street. Mary accepted his story, but in the ensuing days, as Tom prepared to return to England for school, she quietly resented her husband. They planned to remain in Lesbos without Tom. At the airport, Tom spotted two men who were also in Corfu. They were associated with the mystery man and were “watching” Pym. After Tom left, Mary waited until her husband took one of his mysterious walks and inspected his private office. She felt “strong” as she looked through the sparse furniture, treasured books, and photographs from Pym’s first marriage to a woman named Belinda, and she was careful to place everything back exactly where she found it. In addition, Mary read Pym’s writing. The notes seemed scattered and paranoid—and were addressed to a woman named Poppy. Feeling increasingly overwhelmed, she saw that Pym’s writing focused on the idea of “betrayal.” However, she explains to Jack, Pym appeared in the office doorway and caught her reading his work. He had a telegram with him from Jack, telling them to return to Vienna. Fergus interrupted to tell Jack that the “Station burnbox is missing from the strongroom” (107). Jack prepared to leave and distractedly explained to Mary that a burnbox was a security device that stored important documents. At the push of a button, the burnbox could set fire to everything inside, rendering the documents unreadable. The stolen burnbox contained the real names and false identities of spies. Mary was told to stay at home with Fergus and Georgie—and ordered not to talk to anyone.

Chapter 6 Summary

Pym walks through the “dark sea rain” (109) falling on the town. He thinks about his father “ghost” and Poppy, deciphering a coded message on a radio broadcast until he’s convinced that he’s reading a message from Poppy. After a conversation with Miss Dubber, he sits down to write to Tom again.

Pym describes reuniting with his father. During a summer between school terms, Rick was released from prison and ran schemes with Pym. In a conversation with one of his father’s friends, Pym discovered that Rick was operating an elaborate “bomb damage compensation” (115) fraud during the final days of World War II. In collaboration with a corrupt architect, he submitted false compensation claims for houses bombed during the war and then pocketed the money. Rick collected profits from this and other schemes, using his ill-gotten gains to pose as a colonel and then a knight. His dream was for Pym to study hard and eventually become “Lord Chief Justice” (116), though Pym secretly convened with left-wing academics and picked up on their socialist ideology. The father and son spent lavishly on expensive holidays, though Pym never completely understood the complexity of his father’s many schemes. One scheme even involved Rick selling his head to medical science after his death, and—at his funeral—Pym had to pay the claimant to go away.

Eventually, the corrupt architect became too bold and “selfish.” He overreached in one fraudulent compensation claim, and the whole scheme was exposed. During this time, Pym frequently heard the term Wentworth but couldn’t determine what it meant. Pym was sent back to boarding school, where he used his father’s techniques of endearment to excel in his teacher’s eyes. His obsequious attitude was relentless but began to pay dividends. He flirted unsuccessfully with his school friend’s sister and met a “plain girl named Belinda” (122) but resented his struggles to understand women. One day, Rick visited, and they met outside the school for a picnic. During their afternoon together, Rick suggested that Pym ask one of his school friends for somewhere to stay over the summer. Pym feigned excitement to disguise his worry that something was “amiss.” When the school staff asked about his parents, Pym lied. He insisted that he knew nothing about the apparent range of companies that listed him as a director. Pym was recommended for a fund that recruited young male students for the clergy, and the resident priest, Father Murgo, invited Pym to stay with him over the summer. Pym accepted, though he had “no intention” of becoming a priest.

A telegram from his father saved Pym from the summer with Murgo. The telegram demanded that he return home on a “MATTER OF VITAL NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL IMPORTANCE” (127). During this time, Pym wrote to his mother and received a response. She asked him to meet her at Euston station, but when Pym saw her there, she seemed old, distant, and unrecognizable. Instead, Pym went to see his father, who introduced Pym to his latest romantic interest, a “noble and heroic lady” (129), Baroness Rothschild. She told Pym a story about how her rich husband lost everything in the war, including his life. In an elaborate and increasingly unbelievable tale, she described the hidden location of her family’s final, untaken treasures. After she left, Rick explained that the baroness was their “last chance” (131). Rick was under surveillance by the police and wanted to perform one last great scheme to allow him to retire. Pym agreed to go to Switzerland, where he’d then travel to the Austrian border with the baroness. He’d use the last of Rick’s money to purchase the baroness’s treasures and bring them back to England, where Rick could sell them for a large profit. Pym went to Switzerland, where the baroness seduced him and stole most of the money.

In his room, Pym pauses his letter writing to examine documents that describe his father’s financial ruination. One document mentions the death in 1948 of John Reginald Wentworth after a long illness—and the arrest of the baroness and her accomplice. Pym makes diligent footnotes and attaches these documents to his letters. He thinks about Poppy.

Chapters 4-6 Analysis

The deeper Pym delves into his past, the more he explores his difficult relationship with women. In the modern day, Pym’s interactions with Mary suggest that he learned much from his father. Women, to Pym, are untrustworthy and alien. They’re to be used and manipulated, as evident in how little Mary knows about her husband. She knows only what he wants or needs her to know, nothing more. Mary fills the role of the exploited woman who featured in many of Rick’s schemes, illustrating how much Pym learned from his father. Pym’s early life is markedly different. He has a genuine emotional bond with Dot (his mother) and Lippsie (another of his father’s girlfriends). Pym loves these women, though they’re driven out of his life by Rick’s actions. Dot is sent to a psychiatric hospital, and Lippsie dies by suicide. Left alone with Rick, Pym decides to follow in his father’s footsteps. He has lost the women he loves due to the actions of a man he also loves. Given that Rick is the only figure left in his life, he sides with his father, adopting Rick’s transactional view of women rather than acknowledging that his father is abusive. Pym accepts an uncomfortable truth to avoid dealing with another. Unwilling to be hurt again, he hides his emotional vulnerability behind Rick’s influence. This introduces the theme Hollow Lives.

Pym’s reflections on his life reveal one of his major motivations in turning against his country. Lippsie was a formative influence on his young life and one of the few people he ever genuinely loved. A Jewish German woman, she fled to Britain to escape the rising antisemitism in Germany that preceded the Holocaust. Throughout her time in Britain, she worried constantly for the safety of the family she left behind. Despite her fear and suffering, the British people she meets are utterly indifferent. They mock her anxiety and fear, seemingly unconcerned about the genocide occurring in Lippsie’s home country. Pym observes the indifference toward Lippsie and resents the British people for not caring about her. He blames this indifference as part of the reason for her death by suicide, using it as a convenient excuse not to examine his father’s role in her death. Recognizing the British apathy toward Jewish suffering, Pym begins to view Britain as a continuation of the fascist states that were supposedly defeated during World War II. He doesn’t feel bad for betraying his country because, given his countrymen’s treatment of Lippsie, he doesn’t believe Britain is worthy of his loyalty.

The novel’s structure, established in the earlier chapters, continues. The chapters alternate between the search for Pym in the present and Pym’s narration of his past. The way that his past motivates his future creates a juxtaposition between the man he believes he is and the man Jack and Mary believe he is. There is a clear difference these personas, as evident in Mary and Jack’s reluctance to entertain the idea that Pym is a traitor. As they struggle to accept this idea, the chapters in which Pym sits at his desk writing letters are much calmer and more composed. Pym is fully aware of where his loyalties lie—and his only fear is that he’ll fail to capture all his thoughts in his letters. As such, his narration has an urgent tone as he pauses to mop sweat from his brow or explore an important emotional tangent. Pym’s energy is directed and purposeful, and the novel contrasts this with the confused, chaotic progress of Jack and Mary.

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