64 pages • 2 hours read
Ernest HemingwayA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
Summary
Chapter Summaries & Analyses
Book 1, Chapters 1-3
Book 1, Chapters 4-6
Book 1, Chapters 7-9
Book 1, Chapters 10-12
Book 2, Chapters 13-15
Book 2, Chapters 16-18
Book 2, Chapters 19-21
Book 2, Chapters 22-24
Book 3, Chapters 25-27
Book 3, Chapters 28-30
Book 3, Chapters 31-32
Book 4, Chapters 33-35
Book 4, Chapters 36-37
Book 5, Chapters 38-41
Character Analysis
Themes
Symbols & Motifs
Important Quotes
Essay Topics
Tools
Frederic now describes his room as “our room,” and it is clear that Catherine spends the night sleeping with him. She sometimes must leave the room to check on the other patients and make sure everyone is asleep. But she returns, and in the morning, she is still “fresh and lovely” (88).
Catherine must prepare Frederic for his surgery with Dr. Valentini, about whom she says, “I didn’t like him as much as you did” (89). She warns Frederic not to think about her when he goes under the anesthetic because “people get very blabby under an anaesthetic” (90). She tells him to think of home or of other girls he’s been with.
She then gives him an enema before the surgery, which she warned would be unpleasant, but she doesn’t want any of the other nurses taking care of him. She worries that there are too many nurses and that she may be sent elsewhere if they don’t get more patients. She asks him how many women he has loved, and he replies none, which she claims to be lies. She then promises to be exactly what Frederic wishes her to be so that he will never want any other girls.
After his operation, Frederic feels very ill, just as Catherine predicted he would. He learns that there are three other patients in the hospital. Catherine is “greatly liked” (94) by the other nurses since she volunteers to do night duty, which of course allows her to sleep with Frederic at night without being caught. Frederic talks to Helen Ferguson, who passes notes between Frederic and Catherine, and asks if she will come to their wedding. Helen predicts they will fight and not marry or, if not, they are still doomed because he will die. She then warns him repeatedly not to get Catherine pregnant. She also suggests that he tell Catherine to take a break from night duty since she is exhausted. She warns that Miss Van Campen is aware of how much he sleeps in the afternoons.
He then asks Miss Gage to come in and asks her if she thinks Catherine should be off night duty. Miss Gage is surprised at the question, since she knows what is going on with him and Catherine and tells him that she is a friend. Catherine takes three nights off and then returns to him.
That summer, Catherine and Frederic are able to go out and around town, going to restaurants like the Gran Italia, where Frederic knows the headwaiter George, who not only advises them on the correct wines to order but also loans Frederic money when he needs it.
Catherine and Frederic talk about marriage, but Catherine worries about the practicalities, saying that the government would send her home if she were married. So instead, they pretend as if they already are married, although Frederic also worries about practicalities, especially if Catherine were to get pregnant. He tries not to think about it too much, saying: “I suppose I enjoyed not being married, really” (99). Catherine says marriage doesn’t matter too her anyway because she doesn’t have any religion. Then she clarifies: “You’re my religion. You’re all I’ve got” (100). When Frederic questions if she can be faithful, she brings up her dead fiancé, saying she was faithful to him and now she will be faithful to Frederic. She begs Frederic not to insist on marriage, saying that they can be happy with what they have right now.
In these chapters, the relationship between Frederic and Catherine develops. Catherine is sleeping with Frederic, but she has to be careful that neither of them get in trouble. She is already worried that she may be sent away because there are too many nurses and not enough patients in the hospital. They discuss their love for each other, and Catherine is very explicit about how devoted she is to Frederic, telling him that she will be whatever he wants her to be because “there isn’t any me any more” (92). Frederic responds to her submissiveness and willingness to negate her own identity by saying she is “sweet” (90).
Critics point to Catherine’s submissiveness as proof that Frederic (and Hemingway) are sexist, creating a flat character who exists only for the purpose of satisfying the desires of the masculine protagonist. But Catherine is actually in control of the situation, not Frederic, who is weak physically and emotionally. She knows exactly what she wants. Love is now her "religion" (100). Her beliefs and faith reside in Frederic now, and she will do anything for her beliefs.
By Ernest Hemingway
American Literature
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Historical Fiction
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Modernism
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Nobel Laureates in Literature
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Romance
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The Lost Generation
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